Effectiveness of UEFA's regulation for European football financial management: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The Union of European Football Association's (UEFA) Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations are a topic of ongoing debate. This study aims to evaluate and quantify the FFP's effect on clubs' financial performance and critically review the regulatory changes introduced by the UEFA in 2022 through the new Financial Sustainability Regulations (FSR).

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the Web of Science and Scopus databases up to December 31, 2023, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement.