Apnea behavior in early- and late-stage mouse models of Parkinson's disease: Cineradiographic analysis of spontaneous breathing, acute stress, and swallowing.

This study aimed to evaluate the timing and frequency of spontaneous apneas during breathing and swallowing by using cineradiography on mouse models of early/initial or late/advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). C57BL/6 J mice received either 6-OHDA or vehicle injections into their right striatum, followed by respiratory movement recordings during spontaneous breathing and swallowing, and a stress challenge, two weeks later. Experimental group animals showed a significantly lower respiratory rate (158.

Use of a Modelling Tool to Optimise the Organisation of the Demand for Primary Oral Health Care in the Brazilian Unified Health System.

Purpose: To describe the use of work process modelling to optimise the organisation of the demand for oral health treatment in primary care units in Brazil.

Materials And Methods: The oral health care routine was at first described as the "AS IS" model, which was evaluated by the oral team professionals, rearranged, and further described as the "TO BE" model described using a business process management modelling tool. The significant increase in the demand of patients due to restrictions offered by the dental service in addition to non-urgent treatments being avoided by patients during COVID-19 pandemic was also considered.

Salivary alpha-amylase stress reactivity in advanced-aged marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): Impacts of cognitive function and oral health status.

Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is an enzyme found in saliva and is considered a noninvasive biomarker for sympathetic nervous system activity. While a wide range of sAA activity in response to stress has been reported in nonhuman primates, the effects of stress on sAA activity in common marmosets are still unknown. We tested the hypothesis that advanced age and cognitive function may have an impact on stress-related sAA reactivity in marmosets.

Age Differences in Naloxone Reversibility of Electroacupuncture on the Jaw Opening Reflex in Rats.

Background: Electroacupuncture is one of the most popular physical treatments for clinical pain, but the potential influence of a patient's age on the effectiveness of electroacupuncture treatment has not been clearly established. Objectives: The present study aimed to detect a potential difference in electroacupuncture- induced analgesia between juvenile and adult rats.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of electroacupuncture treatment on the nociceptive jaw-opening reflex evoked by tooth-pulp stimulation in juvenile and adult rats.

Anatomical, behavioural and physiological analyses of craniofacial development by cineradiographic imaging in marmosets.

Background: Non-human primates are the closest animal models to humans regarding genetics, physiology and behaviour. Marmoset monkeys in particular are one of the most versatile species for biomedical research.

Objective: To assess the craniofacial growth and development of the masticatory function in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), from birth to the fourth month of life through minimally invasive cineradiographic imaging.

Study of the kinematic variables of unilateral and habitual mastication of healthy individuals.

Purpose: To describe and compare the temporal-spatial kinematic variables of mandibular movement during deliberate unilateral and habitual mastication in healthy young-adult individuals.

Methods: The study sample was composed of eight male healthy volunteers aged 19 to 24 years. The kinematic data were obtained using a motion analysis system - Qualisys Track Manager (QTM) ProReflex MCU.

Experimentally induced masseter-pain changes masseter but not sternocleidomastoid muscle-related activity during mastication.

The aim of this study was to verify the effects of induced masseter-muscle pain on the amplitude of muscle activation, symmetry and coactivation of jaw- and neck-muscles during mastication. Twenty-eight male volunteers, mean age±SD 20.6±2.