Quinoxaline 1,4-di--oxide Derivatives as New Antinocardial Agents.

Mycetoma is currently considered as a neglected tropical disease. The incidence of mycetoma is unknown but most of the worldwide cases are present in the "mycetoma belt" including countries like Mexico, India, Senegal, and others. The treatment of mycetoma depends on the etiological agent responsible for the case.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors: Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Lipid Metabolism and the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial condition that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies have emphasized the role of lipid dysregulation in activating cellular mechanisms that contribute to CKD progression in the context of MetS. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated efficacy in improving various components of MetS, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance.

C-Phycocyanin Prevents Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Lung Remodeling in an Ovalbumin-Induced Rat Asthma Model.

Asthma is a chronic immunological disease related to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation; both processes promote airway remodeling with collagen deposition and matrix thickening, causing pulmonary damage and lost function. This study investigates the immunomodulation of C-phycocyanin (CPC), a natural blue pigment purified from cyanobacteria, as a potential alternative treatment to prevent the remodeling process against asthma. We conducted experiments using ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma in Sprague Dawley rats.

Keratinocyte Response to Infection with .

Sporotrichosis is a subacute, or chronic mycosis caused by traumatic inoculation of material contaminated with the fungus which is part of the spp. complex. The infection is limited to the skin, although its progression to more severe systemic or disseminated forms remains possible.

Impact of chronic immobilization stress on parameters of colonic homeostasis in BALB/c mice.

The intestinal epithelium is a monolayer of cells arranged side‑by‑side and connected by tight junction (TJ) proteins expressed at the apical extreme of the paracellular membrane. This layer prevents stress‑induced inflammatory responses, thus helping to maintain gut barrier function and gut homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chronic immobilization stress on the colonic expression of various parameters of homeostasis.

Analysis of inflammatory cytokine expression in the urinary tract of BALB/c mice infected with Proteus (P.) mirabilis and enteroaggregative Escherichia (E.) coli (EAEC) strains.

This study aimed to analyze the proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in the urinary tract of BALB/c mice infected with bacterial strains with uropathogenic potential. Groups of four 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were intraurethrally inoculated with 5 × 10 colony-forming units (CFU) of P. mirabilis ATCC29906, EAEC O42, P.

Keratinocyte infection by Actinomadura madurae triggers an inflammatory response.

Background: Actinomycetoma is a syndrome of the skin characterized by chronic inflammation and lesions with nodular grain-like structures. The most common aetiological agents are Nocardia brasiliensis and Actinomadura madurae. In response to infection with these organisms the body produces an inflammatory immune response in the skin.

[Péptidos antimicrobianos, una alternativa prometedora para el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas].

Microorganisms that cause diseases in humans are constantly evolving, which represents a challenge in the search for effective treatments against them. Even when currently there are several pharmacological alternatives available, sometimes they are inefficient for the control of infectious diseases, especially because pathogens have generated multiple resistance mechanisms against them. Antimicrobial peptides have been described in many species of organisms, from fungi, plants and insects to humans; currently, there are molecules that appear as a solution that can be effective in modern therapeutics.

Activation and IL-1β secretion of human peripheral phagocytes infected with Actinomadura madurae, Nocardia asteroides and Candida albicans.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of Actinomadura madurae (A. madurae) and Nocardia asteroides (N. asteroides), using Candida albicans (C.

Antibiotic resistance and multidrug-resistant efflux pumps expression in lactic acid bacteria isolated from pozol, a nonalcoholic Mayan maize fermented beverage.

Pozol is a handcrafted nonalcoholic Mayan beverage produced by the spontaneous fermentation of maize dough by lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are carriers of chromosomal encoded multidrug-resistant efflux pumps genes that can be transferred to pathogens and/or confer resistance to compounds released during the fermentation process causing food spoiling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic sensibility and the transcriptional expression of ABC-type efflux pumps in LAB isolated from pozol that contributes to multidrug resistance.

Candida glabrata survives and replicates in human osteoblasts.

Candida glabrata is an opportunistic pathogen that is considered the second most common cause of candidiasis after Candida albicans Many characteristics of its mechanisms of pathogenicity remain unknown. Recent studies have focused on determining the events that underlie interactions between C. glabrata and immune cells, but the relationship between this yeast and osteoblasts has not been studied in detail.

Molecular characterization of microbial contaminants isolated from Umbilical Cord Blood Units for transplant.

Disposal of Umbilical Cord Blood Units due to microbial contamination is a major problem in Cord Blood Banks worldwide as it reduces the number of units available for transplantation. Additionally, economic losses are generated as result of resources and infrastructure used to obtain such units. Umbilical Cord Blood Units that showed initial microbial contamination were subject to strains isolation, identification, and characterization by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR).

Macrophage Activation by Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids during Mycobacterial Infection.

Oleanolic (OA) and ursolic acids (UA) are triterpenes that are abundant in vegetables, fruits and medicinal plants. They have been described as active moieties in medicinal plants used for the treatment of tuberculosis. In this study, we analyzed the effects of these triterpenes on macrophages infected in vitro with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

Macropinocytosis is responsible for the uptake of pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteria by B lymphocytes (Raji cells).

Background: The classical roles of B cells include the production of antibodies and cytokines and the generation of immunological memory, these being key factors in the adaptive immune response. However, their role in innate immunity is currently being recognised. Traditionally, B cells have been considered non-phagocytic cells; therefore, the uptake of bacteria by B cells is not extensively documented.