Exploring Health Science Students' Notions on Organ Donation and Transplantation: A Multicenter Study.

Unlabelled: The knowledge acquired during university education about organ donation and transplantation (ODT) decisively influences the information future health professionals transmit. This is important in ODT where the participation of the general public is essential to obtain organs.

Objective: To determine notions of Spanish medicine and nursing students on ODT and its relationship with attitude toward ODT.

Confident Perception of Primary Care Physicians Correlates to the Attitude Toward Donation and Organ Transplantation: A Multicenter Study of Medical And Nursing Spanish Students.

Unlabelled: A primary care physician (PCP) not only accompanies the patient in the process of an illness, but throughout his or her life. The confidence we have in these health professionals is fundamental, and their favorable attitude toward organ donation and transplantation (ODT) has a significant influence on the population.

Objective: To analyze trust in PCPs among Spanish medical and nursing students, the relationship with their attitude toward ODT, and the factors that condition it.

Organ Donation Related With Attitude Toward the Law of Presumed Consent: Spanish University Medical and Nursing Students Study.

Introduction: Information provided by health care professionals is crucial to create a climate of social opinion. This is important in organ donation and transplantation (ODT), where the participation of the general public is essential to obtain organs.

Objective: To determine the attitude toward the Law of Presumed Consent (LPC) among Spanish university students and to analyze their relation with attitude toward ODT.

Comparison of background EEG activity of different groups of patients with idiopathic epilepsy using Shannon spectral entropy and cluster-based permutation statistical testing.

Idiopathic epilepsy is characterized by generalized seizures with no apparent cause. One of its main problems is the lack of biomarkers to monitor the evolution of patients. The only tools they can use are limited to inspecting the amount of seizures during previous periods of time and assessing the existence of interictal discharges.

Acceptance of living liver donation among medical students: A multicenter stratified study from Spain.

Aim: To analyze the attitude of Spanish medical students toward living liver donation (LLD) and to establish which factors have an influence on this attitude.

Study Type: A sociological, interdisciplinary, multicenter and observational study.

Study Population: Medical students enrolled in Spain (n = 34000) in the university academic year 2010-2011.

Clinical management of sleep disturbances in Alzheimer's disease: current and emerging strategies.

Sleep and circadian disorders in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are more frequent than in the general population and appear early in the course of the disease. Quality of sleep and quality of life are parallel in these patients, and such disorders also represent a heavy burden for caregivers. Although alterations in melatonin and hypocretins (orexins) seem to play a key role in the origin of these disturbances, the etiology of these disorders is multifactorial, including many factors such as environment, behavior, treatments, and comorbidities, among others.

The level of acceptance of spanish medical students of the transplantation of solid organs from animals: a stratified and multicentre study.

Introduction: Research into the transplantation of solid organs from animals (xenotransplantation) is generating interest and curiosity given that this could be a way of resolving the shortage in transplant organs. However, the fact is that currently xenotransplantation is far from becoming a clinical practice.

Objective: To analyse the attitude of medical students from Spanish universities towards the donation of organs from animals and to determine the factors affecting their attitudes.

Catathrenia: respiratory disorder or parasomnia?

Background: The International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition (ICSD-3) classifies catathrenia among the respiratory disorders and not as a parasomnia as in ICSD-2. Few patients have been reported during these years, and the clinical description of the sound is different from group to group. In fact, there is no full agreement about its nature, origin, meaning, and treatment.

Long-term continuous positive airway pressure therapy improves cardiac autonomic tone during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Cardiac autonomic tone after long-term continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea remains unexplored.

Methods: Thirty patients with obstructive sleep apnea (14 with moderate and 16 with severe obstructive sleep apnea) were studied during a baseline polysomnographic study, after a full night of acute continuous positive airway pressure treatment, and after long-term (~2 years) chronic continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Twenty age- and gender-matched controls with baseline sleep study were selected for comparison purposes.

Characterizing the phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea: clinical, sleep, and autonomic features of obstructive sleep apnea with and without hypoxia.

Objective: The pathophysiological basis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not completely understood and likely varies among patients. In this regard, some patients with OSA do not exhibit hypoxemia. We aimed to analyze the clinical, sleep, and autonomic features of a group of patients with severe OSA without hypoxia (OSA-h) and compare to OSA patients with hypoxia (OSA+h) and controls.

Basal cardiac autonomic tone is normal in patients with periodic leg movements during sleep.

The relationship between the autonomic nervous system and periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) is not completely understood. We aimed to determine whether patients with PLMS exhibit any changes in their basal heart rate variability (HRV), excluding episodes of leg movements and arousals. To investigate this, we conducted a cross-sectional study including 13 patients with PLMS (PLMS ≥ 20) and 13 matched controls, free of cardiovascular diseases and medications.

Increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic cardiac tone in patients with sleep related alveolar hypoventilation.

Objective: To assess autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV) during sleep in patients with sleep related alveolar hypoventilation (SRAH) and to compare it with that of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and control patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Sleep Unit, University Hospital of University of Navarra.

Cardiac autonomic impairment during sleep is linked with disease severity in Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Cardiac physiology during sleep in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains poorly explored. We studied heart rate variability (HRV) across sleep stages in PD patients and correlated the results with clinical features.

Methods: Cross-sectional study comprising 33 patients with PD and 29 controls matched for age, gender, and number of apneas/hypopneas per hour.

Sleep loss as risk factor for neurologic disorders: a review.

Sleep loss refers to sleep of shorter duration than the average baseline need of seven to eight hours per night. Sleep loss and sleep deprivation have severe effects on human health. In this article, we review the main aspects of sleep loss, taking into account its effects on the central nervous system.

Pharyngo-laryngoscopic video-recording in obstructive sleep apnea during natural N2 sleep. A case report of a non-complete obstructive mechanism.

Objectives: This is a video case report of a 58-year-old male patient with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who underwent a pharyngo-laryngoscopy during non-drug-induced sleep.

Methods: The pharyngo-laryngoscopy was performed transnasally during a 30-minute nap, in the afternoon, with a flexible endoscope in supine position. During the procedure, the patient was monitored with polysomnography.

Changes in the heart rate variability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and its response to acute CPAP treatment.

Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The goal of this study was to demonstrate whether the use of CPAP produces significant changes in the heart rate or in the heart rate variability of patients with OSA in the first night of treatment and whether gender and obesity play a role in these differences.

Methods: Single-center transversal study including patients with severe OSA corrected with CPAP.

[Appetite regulation: neuroendocrine basis and clinical approaches].

The control of food intake and energy metabolism depends on the complex interaction between energy homeostasis, hedonic control of feeding, and environmental cues. Experimental research in animal models and also the clinical observation of patients with feeding disorders have led to an increased knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate appetite. The hypothalamus is the key component of this network.

[Evolution of the literature on clinical neurology in Spain, France, Italy and Germany over the period 2000-2009].

Aim: This study analyzes the productivity and visibility of Spanish publications in the area of clinical neurology in the period 2000-2009 and compared with those for Italy, France and Germany.

Materials And Methods: We used the database Web of Science. The analysis (annual and in five-year) was restricted to the citable documents (original articles, reviews and proceedings papers).

Ketamine-induced oscillations in the motor circuit of the rat basal ganglia.

Oscillatory activity can be widely recorded in the cortex and basal ganglia. This activity may play a role not only in the physiology of movement, perception and cognition, but also in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurological diseases like schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease. Ketamine administration has been shown to cause an increase in gamma activity in cortical and subcortical structures, and an increase in 150 Hz oscillations in the nucleus accumbens in healthy rats, together with hyperlocomotion.

Sound analysis of catathrenia: a vocal expiratory sound.

Purpose: Catathrenia (nocturnal groaning) is a rare and relatively little-understood parasomnia. The characteristics of the sound and the recordings are not similar in all the relevant research papers. Indeed, there is currently some discussion regarding whether or not this is a single entity.

Coupling between beta and high-frequency activity in the human subthalamic nucleus may be a pathophysiological mechanism in Parkinson's disease.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), the oscillatory activity recorded from the basal ganglia shows dopamine-dependent changes. In the "off" parkinsonian motor state, there is prominent activity in the beta band (12-30 Hz) that is mostly attenuated after dopaminergic therapy ("on" medication state). The on state is also characterized by activity in the gamma (60-80 Hz) and high-frequency (300 Hz) bands that is modulated by movement.