A rare presentation: Brain abscess secondary to urinary tract infection.

Cerebral abscess due to hematogenous spread originating from a urinary infection is a rare condition. This clinical case involves an 80-year-old woman with a history of recurrent urinary infections. She presented to the emergency department with fever and altered consciousness.

Emphysematous Cystitis and Septic Shock: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Managing a Life-Threatening Urological Infection.

Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a rare, life-threatening urinary tract infection (UTI) characterized by gas formation within the bladder wall and lumen. It predominantly occurs in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. We present a case of a 61-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes and chronic alcoholism who was admitted in a comatose state due to severe septic shock secondary to EC.

Inflammatory Cells in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease or Chronic Venous Disease: A Prospective, Observational, and Histological Study.

The main goal of this study was to assess whether the presence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) correlates with increased inflammatory cell infiltration. An observational, single-centre, and prospective study was conducted from January 2018 to July 2022. Clinical characteristics and anthropometric measures were registered.

Reversion of the Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.

Background: Peripheral artery disease is characterized by an intense inflammatory process that can be associated with a higher mortality rate, particularly in chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). This study aims to compare the evolution of inflammatory markers between patients with claudication with those with CLTI at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Methods And Results: An observational, single-center, and prospective study was conducted.

Inflammatory Myopathy: When Electromyography and Autoantibodies Don't Help the Diagnosis.

Inflammatory myopathies (IM) are the most treatable myopathies. Necrotizing autoimmune myositis is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that starts either acutely or subacutely. Autoimmunity is essencial in the pathogenesis of myositis and autoantibodies may be present in more than 50% of patients.

Fahr Syndrome: When Dysarthria Doesn't Mean a Stroke.

Fahr syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by calcium deposition in the brain. It is usually associated with phosphocalcium metabolism disorders, like hypoparathyroidism, or with genetical predisposition, as seen in Fahr disease. Given the wide array of differential diagnoses medical awareness should be emphasized to prompt diagnosis and management.

Diagnostic Challenges of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease characterized by clinical heterogeneity with unpredictable course. Several disease endotypes have been identified, including SLE with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We report a case of a pregnant woman with hypertension and proteinuria, diagnosed with APS, Libman-Sacks endocarditis that led to moderate to severe mitral valve insufficiency, and SLE.

The Combined Heterozygosity of Factor V Leiden and G20210A Prothrombin Gene Mutation in a Patient With Venous Thromboembolism.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a chronic illness that includes pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and many risk factors are associated. Anticoagulation therapy remains the cornerstone of venous thromboembolism management, and the duration of anticoagulation depends on the risk of venous thromboembolism. We report a case of a female with a combined heterozygosity of factor V Leiden and G20210A prothrombin gene mutation.

Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk and Arterial Stiffness in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background: Several studies suggest that patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have a higher cardiovascular risk than the general population. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and can be measured through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). The objectives of this study were to characterize a sample of HIV-infected patients under HAART regarding cardiovascular risk, compare PWV values of this group with those of uninfected controls, and investigate predictors of PWV in the HIV-infected group.

Exploring the Diversity of Visceral, Subcutaneous and Perivascular Adipose Tissue in a Vascular Surgery Population.

The prevalence of obesity has doubled, with a concomitant increase in cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of visceral, subcutaneous and peri-aortic adipose tissue determined with computed tomography (CT) scans and to correlate them with cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric measures and medication. An observational and prospective study was conducted, and 177 subjects were included.

Whipple's Disease: A Case Report.

Whipple's disease (WD) is caused by , frequently found in lamina propria's macrophages in the small intestine. It is a rare and chronic systemic infection, and the principal clinical manifestations are diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, and arthralgia. The diagnosis is difficult mainly because of its rarity and should be considered in patients with arthralgias, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss after more common conditions have been excluded.

Splenic Infarction: A Rare Complication of Infectious Mononucleosis.

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the condition is characterized by sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, and atypical lymphocytosis. These infections are common in early childhood, with a second peak occurring in late adolescence. EBV is spread by contact with oral secretions.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection With Cavitated Lung Lesions: A Case Report.

(MP) is a common etiologic agent involved in community-acquired atypical bacterial pneumonia. In severe cases, can cause cavitated lung lesions. We describe the case of a 55-year-old male seen at the emergency department with complaints of cough, fever, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, nausea, anorexia, asthenia, and night sweats.

A Rare and Surprising Case of Spontaneous Type B Carotid-Cavernous Fistula in an Internal Medicine Ward.

Carotid-cavernous fistulas are abnormal communications between the carotid arteries and the cavernous sinus. They can be spontaneous, which is rare, or acquired, most often post-traumatic. We describe the case of a 59-year-old woman with complaints of right-sided red eye and blurred vision that did not improve with antibiotic treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis, progressing to what appeared to be post-septal cellulitis.

Quincke's Disease Presenting After Cocaine Exposure.

Quincke's disease is a very rare form of upper airway angioedema, and it is characterized by a well-localized edematous reaction. Its epidemiology is not documented due to the rarity of this condition. Causes include allergic reactions, infectious diseases, and trauma, among others.

Isolated Left Ventricular Noncompaction Presenting With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Intrahospital Cardiac Arrest: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is characterized by a bilayered appearance of the myocardium with excessive trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses. Manifestations of this condition are widely variable, ranging from incidental findings in asymptomatic individuals to symptomatic heart failure, conduction abnormalities, tachyarrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. Heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, and systemic embolisms are the most frequent cardiovascular complications.

Spinal Cord Infarction Presenting as Right-Sided Upper Back Pain: A Case Report.

Spinal cord infarction is a very rare event with a wide variety of symptoms at presentation. We describe the case of a 39-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with atypical chest pain. The initial investigations were non-diagnostic, and the patient was admitted for surveillance.

Gastric Cancer With Multiple Bone Metastases: An Uncommon Primary Presentation.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a worldwide health condition of major concern, with gastric carcinoma with signet ring cell features being increasingly reported. A 61-year-old woman was admitted to the Emergency department with back pain, gastrointestinal complaints, and weight loss. A lumbar and hip computed tomography (CT) was performed and revealed multiple suspicious secondary bone lesions.

The Importance of MTHFR C677T/A1298C Combined Polymorphism in Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report.

A 37-year-old woman presented in the emergency room with abdominal pain and nausea for about three weeks. She had no known risk factors for venous thromboembolism beyond taking oral contraceptives as a regular medication. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed portal, superior mesenteric and splenic vein thrombosis.