Racial and ethnic disparities in prostate cancer screening following the 2018 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

Objective: In 2018, the United States Preventive Services Task Force promoted shared decision making between healthcare provider and patient for men aged 55 to 69. This study aimed to analyze rates of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing across racial and ethnic groups following this new recommendation.

Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted of the 2020-2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System database to assess men aged 55 or older without a history of prostate cancer.

Irreversible electroporation as a focal therapy for localized prostate cancer: A systematic review.

Introduction: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new and promising focal therapy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. In this systematic review, we summarize the literature on IRE for prostate cancer published over the last decade.

Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were searched with the end date of May 2023 to find relevant publications on prostate cancer ablation using IRE.

Propensity score matched survival analysis of octogenarians with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: chemoradiation compared to radical cystectomy.

Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) is an effective curative treatment option for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, chemoradiation (CRT) is an evolving bladder preservation protocol alternative to RC. With the increase in life expectancy, it is essential to understand the survival outcomes among octogenarians treated with RC and CRT.

Needle track seeding in renal mass biopsies.

A review and analysis of the literature demonstrates that needle track seeding in renal mass biopsy has been reported 16 times. This complication occurs almost exclusively among patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma. The incidence is associated with multiple punctures of the mass, the use of core needles of ≥20 gauge, and lack of a coaxial sheath.

The Hemodynamic Effects of Intracavernosal Phenylephrine for the Treatment of Ischemic Priapism.

Aim: We sought to evaluate whether the administration of phenylephrine (PE) at concentrations higher than those described in guidelines resulted in any significant changes in vital signs or impacted outcomes.

Methods: After receiving institutional review board approval, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients presenting to our emergency department between May 1, 2014, and August 15, 2016, using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition and Internation Classification of Disease, Tenth Edition diagnosis codes for priapism. Treatment was reviewed, including corporal aspiration/irrigation, injection of PE, and shunt procedures.

The Correlation of Media Ranking's "Best" Hospitals and Surgical Outcomes Following Radical Cystectomy for Urothelial Cancer.

Objective: To evaluate whether there is a correlation between publicized health ranking systems and surgical outcomes after radical cystectomy (RC) in New York State (NYS).

Materials And Methods: Using the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, data were collected in an aggregated fashion per hospital for the 20 hospitals with the highest RC volume in NYS from 2009 to 2012. Hospital characteristics were obtained from the publicly available sources such as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

Surgical Techniques in Penoscrotal Implantation of an Inflatable Penile Prosthesis: A Guide to Increasing Patient Satisfaction and Surgeon Ease.

Introduction: Historically, early surgical treatment for erectile dysfunction involved the placement of rigid devices outside of the corpora cavernosa. However, this practice resulted in high rates of erosion and infection. Today, most urologists in the United States place an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) with an infection-retardant coating inside the corpora cavernosa.

Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy: innovations.

From open surgery to laparoscopic surgery, there has been an evolution in the surgical technique for live donor nephrectomy which goes beyond patient comfort. As a unique operation where the margin for error is nearly nil, and where the patient is essentially harmed for an altruistic goal, ensuring the best possible result is vital. Additionally, as the morbidity of the operation decreases, there is a theoretical increase in the donor pool.

The effect of carbohydrate restriction on prostate cancer tumor growth in a castrate mouse xenograft model.

Background: No- and low-carbohydrate diets delay tumor growth compared to western diet (WD) in prostate cancer (PCa) xenograft studies. The effect of these diets in concert with androgen deprivation is unknown.

Methods: A total of 160 male SCID mice were injected with 1× 10(5) LAPC-4 human PCa cells.

Predicting participation in and successful outcome of a penile rehabilitation programme using a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor with a vacuum erection device after radical prostatectomy.

Unlabelled: Study Type--Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The role of the vacuum erection device (VED) has increased with its use in combined therapy with a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) for penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy. The advantages of the VED are non-invasive, cost-effective, and a possibility of preventing shrinkage of penis length.

Contrast enhancement on computed tomography after renal cryoablation: an evidence of treatment failure?

Background And Purpose: Renal cryoablation has gained popularity as a treatment option for localized renal masses. Treatment success is typically defined by the absence of contrast enhancement on follow-up imaging. We investigate the evolution of lesions that demonstrate contrast enhancement on CT after renal cryoablation.

Complications and postoperative events after cryosurgery for prostate cancer.

Objectives: There has been a call in the urological literature for standardized reporting of complications. To use strict criteria aiming to report our complications and other postoperative events in a cohort of men undergoing third-generation prostate cryosurgery.

Patients And Methods: Demographic, clinical and pathological data were collected on men undergoing primary cryosurgery from 2002-2010, excluding those who had received neoadjuvant or adjuvant radiotherapy.

Renal function outcomes after laparoscopic renal cryoablation.

Background And Purpose: Laparoscopic cryoablation (LCA) has emerged as an alternative to conventional surgery for the management of a T(1) renal mass; however, only few data are available on its functional outcomes. We assessed renal function changes after LCA in patients with normal renal function (NRF) and preexisting chronic renal insufficiency (CRI).

Patients And Methods: Data of consecutive patients who were undergoing LCA between 2000 and 2008 at Duke University Medical Center were analyzed.

Renal tumors in solid organ recipients: clinical and pathologic features.

Objectives: Solid organ recipients are several times more likely to develop renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared with the general population, but little is known about the features of these tumors. The aim of this study is to report on the characteristics of renal tumors in solid organ recipients compared with the general population.

Materials And Methods: Patients undergoing surgery for a localized renal mass between 2000 and 2008 were studied.

Cigarette smoking is associated with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Cigarette smoking is a recognized risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but little data are available on the association between smoking and RCC biology. We investigated the association between cigarette smoking and RCC stage in a large contemporary multiethnic surgical cohort.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the demographic, clinical, and pathologic data of patients undergoing surgery for RCC between 2000 and 2009.

Clinical predictors of renal mass pathological features.

Objective: • To evaluate the influence of radiographic tumour size and other preoperative variables on the pathological characteristics of the lesion to determine the distribution of pathological features and assess preoperative risk factors for potentially aggressive versus probably indolent renal lesions.

Patients And Methods: • Retrospective review of records for 768 patients who underwent surgery for single, sporadic renal mass between 2000 and 2008 in a tertiary academic institution. • Demographic, radiographic and pathological variables were recorded and analysed with regression analyses for risk factors for potentially aggressive pathological features (malignant pathology, high Fuhrman grade, lymphovascular invasion and extracapsular extension).

Predicting biopsy-proven prostate cancer recurrence following cryosurgery.

Objectives: Prostate cancer (CaP) cryosurgery utilizes PSA nadir level and radiotherapy criteria as surrogates for success. We attempted to correlate PSA doubling time (PSAdt) and time of undetectable PSA (TUPSA) with biopsy-proven cancer recurrence (BPR) in men treated with primary third-generation cryotherapy for clinically localized CaP.

Materials And Methods: Demographic, clinical, and pathologic data was retrieved including age, race, use of preoperative hormones or 5-α reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), initial biopsy PSA, biopsy Gleason score, cT stage, prostate volume, presence/absence median lobe, and follow-up.

Role of vitamin D(3) as a sensitizer to cryoablation in a murine prostate cancer model: preliminary in vivo study.

Objectives: Calcitriol has been reported to have antitumor efficacy in several cancers. In this study, we hypothesized that calcitriol may potentially function as a cryosensitizer that can enhance cryoablation, and we investigated several molecular marker changes in a murine model of prostate cancer.

Methods: Murine prostate tumors (RM-9) were grown in male C57BL/6J mice subcutaneously with neoadjuvant intratumoral injection of calcitriol followed by cryoablation.

Eosinophilic cystitis following immediate post-resection intravesical instillation of mitomycin-C.

We present a patient who developed severe lower urinary tract symptoms following resection of a Ta low grade bladder urothelial carcinoma with immediate post-resection instillation of mitomycin-C. Urine cultures were negative. Radiographic imaging demonstrated a bladder mass.

Pathological T2 sub-divisions as a prognostic factor in the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

Objective: To determine the adequacy of T2 prostate cancer (PCa) sub-staging as an independent Predictor of biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) after radical prostatectomy.

Materials And Methods: The Duke Prostate Center database was queried for patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2007 and had pT2 PCa, identifying 1990 cases. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence was defined as a single value ≥0.

Stapled renal vein with in situ tumor thrombus: a useful intraoperative maneuver to facilitate radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava thrombectomy.

Objectives: Patients with genitourinary tumors and inferior vena cava thrombus often have large lesions and significant neovascularity. Early division of the renal vein with the in situ thrombus is desirable; however, concerns have been raised regarding tumor spillage and thrombus migration. We describe a novel technique using a stapling device to secure the renal vein during resection of renal tumors associated with an inferior vena cava thrombus.

Prostate cancer: an evolving paradigm.

Since at least the early 1990s, stage and risk migration have been seen in patients with prostate cancer, likely corresponding to the institution of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening in health systems. Preoperative risk factors, including PSA level and clinical stage, have decreased significantly. These improved prognostic variables have led to a larger portion of men being stratified with low-risk disease, as per the classification of D'Amico and associates.

Predicting occult multifocality of renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Multifocal renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been reported in up to 25% of all radical nephrectomy specimens. Modern imaging tends to underestimate the rate of multifocality. Recognition of multifocality before treatment may guide physicians and patients to the type of intervention and tailor long-term follow-up.

Phalloplasty and penile implant surgery.

Impotence is often accompanied by loss of phallic length. To enhance penile prosthesis surgery, it is possible to perform simple adjuvant procedures that will increase perceived or true length. This article presents an overview of these techniques, which may be categorized as involving removal or fixation of tissue above or below the shaft of the penis; division of the suspensory ligament; and augmentation of the corpora cavernosa through stretch or grafting.

Update in the management of penile cancer.

Purpose: The management of penile cancer has evolved as less invasive techniques are applied in the treatment of the primary tumor and inguinal lymph nodes.

Materials And Methods: Herein we review the literature focusing on advances in the preservation of the phallus as well as less morbid procedures to evaluate and treat the groins.

Results: Promising imaging modalities for staging are discussed.