Prevalence and mean number of teeth with amalgam and nonamalgam restorations, United States, 2015 through 2018.

Background: Amalgam has been used for more than 150 years as a safe and reliable restorative material. The authors described the occurrence of amalgam and nonamalgam restorations in the United States in primary and permanent teeth across age groups and according to sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: The authors used clinical examination data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018 for participants 2 years and older (n = 17,040).

In vivo computer-aided diagnosis of colorectal polyps using white light endoscopy.

 Artificial intelligence is currently able to accurately predict the histology of colorectal polyps. However, systems developed to date use complex optical technologies and have not been tested in vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new deep learning-based optical diagnosis system, ATENEA, in a real clinical setting using only high-definition white light endoscopy (WLE) and to compare its performance with endoscopists.

A Classic Presentation of Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare malignancy, of uncertain differentiation, which more commonly affects adolescents and young adult males; it usually has an intra-abdominal location. We describe the case of a 35-year-old male who presented initially with occasional abdominal pain, and subsequently with abdominal mass sensation, without any other associated symptoms. Imaging studies reported an intra-abdominal mass located in mesogastrium, right hypochondrium, and right lumbar region, without clear evidence of infiltration to secondary structures, but with clear peritoneal spread to greater omentum and pelvis.

Polyp Segmentation with Fully Convolutional Deep Neural Networks-Extended Evaluation Study.

Analysis of colonoscopy images plays a significant role in early detection of colorectal cancer. Automated tissue segmentation can be useful for two of the most relevant clinical target applications-lesion detection and classification, thereby providing important means to make both processes more accurate and robust. To automate video colonoscopy analysis, computer vision and machine learning methods have been utilized and shown to enhance polyp detectability and segmentation objectivity.

Complications and Comorbidities in Hispanic Patients Who Develop Traumatic and Non-traumatic Acute Compartment Syndrome.

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a medical emergency that remains under-recognized and understudied. This study aimed to identify risk factors for the traumatic and non-traumatic presentation of ACS within a majority Hispanic population. A four-year retrospective analysis of medical records in a single institution revealed 26 with traumatic and 21 non-traumatic patients presenting with ACS.

Establishing key research questions for the implementation of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy: a modified Delphi method.

BACKGROUND : Artificial intelligence (AI) research in colonoscopy is progressing rapidly but widespread clinical implementation is not yet a reality. We aimed to identify the top implementation research priorities. METHODS : An established modified Delphi approach for research priority setting was used.

Review of computational methods for the detection and classification of polyps in colonoscopy imaging.

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is a tool with great potential to help endoscopists in the tasks of detecting and histologically classifying colorectal polyps. In recent years, different technologies have been described and their potential utility has been increasingly evidenced, which has generated great expectations among scientific societies. However, most of these works are retrospective and use images of different quality and characteristics which are analysed off line.

Polyp fingerprint: automatic recognition of colorectal polyps' unique features.

Background: Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is an application of machine learning used to retrieve images by similarity on the basis of features. Our objective was to develop a CBIR system that could identify images containing the same polyp ('polyp fingerprint').

Methods: A machine learning technique called Bag of Words was used to describe each endoscopic image containing a polyp in a unique way.

"": predicting venom-induced coagulopathy in bites using snake ontogenetic parameters.

Snake venom composition shows significant inter- and intra-species variation. In the case of the viperid species , responsible for the majority of snakebites in the Amazon region, geographical and ontogenetic variables affect venom composition, with ecological and medical implications. Previous studies had shown that venom from neonate and juvenile specimens have a higher coagulant activity.

Computer-aided prediction of polyp histology on white light colonoscopy using surface pattern analysis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate a new computational histology prediction system based on colorectal polyp textural surface patterns using high definition white light images.

Methods: Textural elements (textons) were characterized according to their contrast with respect to the surface, shape, and number of bifurcations, assuming that dysplastic polyps are associated with highly contrasted, large tubular patterns with some degree of bifurcation. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) was compared with pathological diagnosis and the diagnosis made by endoscopists using Kudo and Narrow-Band Imaging International Colorectal Endoscopic classifications.

GTCreator: a flexible annotation tool for image-based datasets.

Purpose: Methodology evaluation for decision support systems for health is a time-consuming task. To assess performance of polyp detection methods in colonoscopy videos, clinicians have to deal with the annotation of thousands of images. Current existing tools could be improved in terms of flexibility and ease of use.

To brand or not to brand a product placement? Evidence from a field study of two influence mechanisms of positive portrayals of alcohol in film.

Introduction And Aims: We propose that branded and non-branded product placements in movies are interpreted differently and that a movie with unbranded alcohol portrayals influences audiences' alcohol-related beliefs and choices indirectly, through the process of narrative transportation, whereas a movie with branded alcohol placements impacts audiences' alcohol beliefs and choices via a more basic social-cognitive process of influence.

Design And Methods: Ordinary moviegoers (N = 758) attended a showing of The Snows of Kilimanjaro (2011) in a popular theatre in Tacna, Peru. Subjects were randomly assigned to watch the original movie, with branded alcohol portrayals, or a brand-free, control version.

A Benchmark for Endoluminal Scene Segmentation of Colonoscopy Images.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third cause of cancer death worldwide. Currently, the standard approach to reduce CRC-related mortality is to perform regular screening in search for polyps and colonoscopy is the screening tool of choice. The main limitations of this screening procedure are polyp miss rate and the inability to perform visual assessment of polyp malignancy.

Exploring the clinical potential of an automatic colonic polyp detection method based on the creation of energy maps.

Background And Aims: Polyp miss-rate is a drawback of colonoscopy that increases significantly for small polyps. We explored the efficacy of an automatic computer-vision method for polyp detection.

Methods: Our method relies on a model that defines polyp boundaries as valleys of image intensity.

ChRIS--A web-based neuroimaging and informatics system for collecting, organizing, processing, visualizing and sharing of medical data.

The utility of web browsers for general purpose computing, long anticipated, is only now coming into fruition. In this paper we present a web-based medical image data and information management software platform called ChRIS ([Boston] Children's Research Integration System). ChRIS' deep functionality allows for easy retrieval of medical image data from resources typically found in hospitals, organizes and presents information in a modern feed-like interface, provides access to a growing library of plugins that process these data - typically on a connected High Performance Compute Cluster, allows for easy data sharing between users and instances of ChRIS and provides powerful 3D visualization and real time collaboration.

Toward online quantification of tracheal stenosis from videobronchoscopy.

Purpose: Lack of objective measurement of tracheal obstruction degree has a negative impact on the chosen treatment prone to lead to unnecessary repeated explorations and other scanners. Accurate computation of tracheal stenosis in videobronchoscopy would constitute a breakthrough for this noninvasive technique and a reduction in operation cost for the public health service.

Methods: Stenosis calculation is based on the comparison of the region delimited by the lumen in an obstructed frame and the region delimited by the first visible ring in a healthy frame.

WM-DOVA maps for accurate polyp highlighting in colonoscopy: Validation vs. saliency maps from physicians.

We introduce in this paper a novel polyp localization method for colonoscopy videos. Our method is based on a model of appearance for polyps which defines polyp boundaries in terms of valley information. We propose the integration of valley information in a robust way fostering complete, concave and continuous boundaries typically associated to polyps.

Impact of image preprocessing methods on polyp localization in colonoscopy frames.

In this paper we present our image preprocessing methods as a key part of our automatic polyp localization scheme. These methods are used to assess the impact of different endoluminal scene elements when characterizing polyps. More precisely we tackle the influence of specular highlights, blood vessels and black mask surrounding the scene.

Highly efficient macrolactonization of ω-hydroxy acids using benzotriazole esters: synthesis of Sansalvamide A.

A facile and mild macrolactonization reaction of ω-hydroxy acids was developed based on the transesterification of benzotriazole esters. Treatment of ω-hydroxy acids with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 1-hydroxy benzotriazole (HOBT) in chloroform provided macrolactones in excellent yields. The reactions were performed under basic, neutral and acidic conditions using N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF(4)) and BF(3)·Et(2)O, respectively.