Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of cellulose-graft-poly(4-vinylpirydine), using cellulose from a new pretreatment process, for heavy metal removal from wastewater.

The synthesis, characterization and evaluation of cellulose-graft-poly(4-vinylpirydine) for heavy metal removal from wastewater, is reported. Cellulose was obtained from a corn cob biomass using a recently developed gas-phase acid pretreatment process (GPAPP). The obtained corn cob cellulose (CCC) was functionalized by partial esterification of the superficial -OH groups with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIBB) under mild conditions (room temperature and dimethyl formamide, DMF as solvent).

Effect of teak wood lignocellulose pretreatment on the performance of cellulose-graft-(net-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)) for water absorption and dye removal.

Cellulose modified hydrogels can be produced directly from raw biopolymers in novel cellulose solvents such as NaOH/urea aqueous solution. The effect of cellulose characteristics on the synthesis of a cellulose-graft-(net-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)) and its performance as water absorbent/methylene blue dye removal material is analyzed. Three cellulose samples, one analytical grade and two obtained from teak wood sawdust with different pretreatments (one alkaline and the other, a novel one known as (gas phase) acid pretreatment) were compared.

Ethanol production by Escherichia coli from detoxified lignocellulosic teak wood hydrolysates with high concentration of phenolic compounds.

Teak wood residues were subjected to thermochemical pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and detoxification to obtain syrups with a high concentration of fermentable sugars for ethanol production with the ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain MS04. Teak is a hardwood, and thus a robust deconstructive pretreatment was applied followed by enzymatic saccharification. The resulting syrup contained 60 g l-1 glucose, 18 g l-1 xylose, 6 g l-1 acetate, less than 0.

Goethite surface reactivity: II. A microscopic site-density model that describes its surface area-normalized variability.

The model described in this investigation explains the variable macroscopic surface reactivity of different goethite preparations when adsorption data are normalized by surface area, especially the high reactivity of low specific surface area goethites. A simplified model of crystalline face distributions for each of the goethite preparations, in combination with experimental maximum chromate adsorption values previously determined, allowed a crystallographic site-density analysis that would explain the latter values. In addition, a surface complexation modeling approach was coupled to the previous model and provided individual affinity constants for proton and ion binding for singly, doubly, and triply coordinated surface sites.