Early metabolic and transcriptomic regulation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver by 11-deoxycorticosterone through two corticosteroid receptors pathways.

Cortisol hormone is considered the main corticosteroid in fish stress, acting through glucocorticoid (GR) or mineralocorticoid (MR) receptor. The 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) corticosteroid is also secreted during stress and could complement the cortisol effects, but this still not fully understood. Hence, we evaluated the early transcriptomic response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver by DOC through GR or MR.

Gills de novo assembly reveals oxidative stress, unfolded protein, and immune response on red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) under thermal stress.

The heat waves on the South Pacific coast could lead to thermal stress in native fish. The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is relevant for Chilean artisanal fisheries and aquaculture diversification. This study examined the effect of high-temperature stress in the gills of G.

11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC)'s Action on the Gill Osmoregulation of Juvenile Rainbow Trout ().

In aquaculture, stress can negatively affect fish growth. For years, the cortisol hormone has been thought to play both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid functions. Nevertheless, recent research has suggested that 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) released during stress could contribute to cortisol actions, though this process is still misunderstood.

Early regulation of corticosteroid receptor expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gills is mediated by membrane-initiated cortisol signaling.

Cortisol is a key stress-related hormone involved in the physiological adjustments of fish. In gills, cortisol contributes to acclimatization to changes in environmental salinity, promoting both ion uptake or salt excretion. Cortisol exerts its biological effects through its interaction with specific intracellular glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors.

Effect of 11-Deoxycorticosterone in the Transcriptomic Response to Stress in Rainbow Trout Skeletal Muscle.

In aquaculture, many stressors can negatively affect growth in teleosts. It is believed that cortisol performs glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid functions because teleosts do not synthesize aldosterone. However, recent data suggest that 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) released during stress events may be relevant to modulate the compensatory response.

Role of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in rainbow trout () skeletal muscle: A transcriptomic perspective of cortisol action.

Cortisol is an essential regulator of neuroendocrine stress responses in teleost. Cortisol performs its effects through the modulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), activating gene expression. Until now the contribution of both receptors in the global transcriptional response in teleost skeletal muscle has not been explored.

Differential Metabolic and Transcriptional Responses of Gilthead Seabream () Administered with Cortisol or Cortisol-BSA.

Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid hormone promoting compensatory metabolic responses of stress in teleosts. This hormone acts through genomic and membrane-initiated actions to exert its functions inside the cell. Experimental approaches, using exogenous cortisol administration, confirm the role of this hormone during short (minutes to hours)- and long-term (days to weeks) responses to stress.

Regulation of the early expression of MAFbx/atrogin-1 and MuRF1 through membrane-initiated cortisol action in the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout.

Glucocorticoids are key stress-related hormones in vertebrates, with cortisol being the main glucocorticoid in teleosts. Glucocorticoids exert their effects through two mechanisms of action: genomic/classic and membrane initiated. In mammals, cortisol-mediated stress has been found to be associated with increased expression of critical atrophy-related genes (atrogenes), such as MAFbx/atrogin-1 and murf1/trim63.

Physiological and molecular responses to thermal stress in red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) juveniles reveals atrophy and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle.

The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native species with strong potential to support Chilean aquaculture diversification. Environmental stressors, such as temperature, may generate important effects in fish physiology with negative impact. However, no information exists on the effects of thermal stress in Genypterus species or how this stressor affects the skeletal muscle.

Contribution of Non-canonical Cortisol Actions in the Early Modulation of Glucose Metabolism of Gilthead Sea Bream ().

Teleost fish are exposed to diverse stressors in farming and wildlife conditions during their lifespan. Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid hormone involved in the regulation of their metabolic acclimation under physiological stressful conditions. In this context, increased plasma cortisol is associated with energy substrate mobilization from metabolic tissues, such as liver and skeletal muscle, to rapidly obtain energy and cope with stress.

Identification and Evaluation of Long Noncoding RNAs in Response to Handling Stress in Red Cusk-Eel (Genypterus chilensis) via RNA-seq.

The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native species with strong potential to support Chilean aquaculture diversification. Under commercial conditions, fish are exposed to several stressors. To date, little is known about the mechanism involved in the stress response of red cusk-eel, and there is no information related to the regulation mediated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).

Quantitative proteomics analysis of membrane glucocorticoid receptor activation in rainbow trout skeletal muscle.

Cortisol modulates energy metabolism promoting the mobilization of glucose and increasing proteolysis to overcome stressful situations in teleost. The cortisol metabolic effects are attributed to genomic mechanisms that involve the interaction of cortisol with its glucocorticoid intracellular receptor. Furthermore, cortisol can also interact with plasma membrane glucocorticoid receptors activating a rapid nongenomic signaling; however, its contribution during the early acute phase stress response in fish is unknown.

Early transcriptomic responses associated with the membrane-initiated action of cortisol in the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout ().

Cortisol is a critical neuroendocrine regulator of the stress response in fish. Cortisol practically affects all tissues by interacting with an intracellular receptor and modulating target gene expression. However, cortisol also interacts with components of the plasma membrane in a nongenomic process that activates rapid signaling.

Membrane-initiated cortisol action modulates early pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (pdk2) expression in fish skeletal muscle.

Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid hormone in teleosts involved in the regulation of metabolic adjustments under both normal and stressful physiological conditions. In the skeletal muscle, cortisol modulates the energetic metabolism promoting the mobilization of glucose and other energetic substrates to overcome the stress stimulus. The effects of cortisol-mediated stress response are attributed to canonical/genomic mechanisms which involve the interaction of the hormone with its intracellular glucocorticoid receptor and, consequently, modulation of target genes.

RNA-seq analysis of the head-kidney transcriptome response to handling-stress in the red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis).

Stress is a primary contributing factor of fish disease and mortality in aquaculture. We have previously reported that the red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis), an important farmed marine fish, demonstrates a handling-stress response that results in increased juvenile mortality, which is mainly associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and liver steatosis. To better understand the systemic effects of stress on red cusk-eel immune-related gene expression, the present study assessed the transcriptomic head-kidney response to handling-stress.

Transcriptomic analysis of the hepatic response to stress in the red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis): Insights into lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and liver steatosis.

Teleosts exhibit a broad divergence in their adaptive response to stress, depending on the magnitude, duration, and frequency of stressors and the species receiving the stimulus. We have previously reported that the red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis), an important marine farmed fish, shows a physiological response to stress that results in increased skeletal muscle atrophy mediated by over-expression of components of the ubiquitin proteasome and autophagy-lysosomal systems. To better understand the systemic effects of stress on the red cusk-eel metabolism, the present study assessed the transcriptomic hepatic response to repetitive handling-stress.

Cortisol Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Through a Membrane Glucocorticoid Receptor in Rainbow Trout Myotubes.

Cortisol is an essential regulator of neuroendocrine stress responses in teleosts. Cortisol predominantly affects target tissues through the genomic pathway, which involves interacting with cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors, and thereby, modulating stress-response gene expressions. Cortisol also produces rapid effects via non-genomic pathways, which do not involve gene transcription.

mRNA-seq reveals skeletal muscle atrophy in response to handling stress in a marine teleost, the red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis).

Background: Fish reared under intensive conditions are repeatedly exposed to stress, which negatively impacts growth. Although most fish follow a conserved pattern of stress response, with increased concentrations of cortisol, each species presents specificities in the cell response and stress tolerance. Therefore, culturing new species requires a detailed knowledge of these specific responses.