Survival After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID): A Worldwide Review of the Prognostic Variables.

This study aims to perform an extensive review of the literature that evaluates various factors that affect the survival rates of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in developed and developing countries. An extensive search of the literature was made in four different databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science). The search was carried out in December 2022 and updated in July 2023, and the terms such as "hematopoietic stem cell transplantation," "bone marrow transplant," "mortality," "opportunistic infections," and "survival" associated with "severe combined immunodeficiency" were sought based on the MeSH terms.

EuCARE-hospitalised study protocol: a cohort study of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the EuCARE project.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can lead to hospitalisation, particularly in elderly, immunocompromised, and non-vaccinated or partially vaccinated individuals. Although vaccination provides protection, the duration of this protection wanes over time. Additional doses can restore immunity, but the influence of viral variants, specific sequences, and vaccine-induced immune responses on disease severity remains unclear.

Clinical and programmatic outcomes of HIV-exposed infants enrolled in care at geographically diverse clinics, 1997-2021: A cohort study.

Background: Although 1·3 million women with HIV give birth annually, care and outcomes for HIV-exposed infants remain incompletely understood. We analyzed programmatic and health indicators in a large, multidecade global dataset of linked mother-infant records from clinics and programs associated with the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium.

Methods And Findings: HIV-exposed infants were eligible for this retrospective cohort analysis if enrolled at <18 months at 198 clinics in 10 countries across 5 IeDEA regions: East Africa (EA), Central Africa (CA), West Africa (WA), Southern Africa (SA), and the Caribbean, Central, and South America network (CCASAnet).

Investigation of Mortality of Hereditary Angioedema in a Reference Center in Brazil.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is known for mortality when it is not treated properly. Many advances have occurred over the past decades that affected patients' lives. However, not all patient populations have access to the same diagnosis and treatment resources.

Pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and antiviral activity of dolutegravir dispersible tablets in infants and children with HIV-1 (IMPAACT P1093): results of an open-label, phase 1-2 trial.

Background: Safe and potent antiretroviral medications in child-friendly formulations are needed to treat young children living with HIV-1. We aimed to select dosing for a dispersible tablet formulation of dolutegravir that achieved pharmacokinetic exposures similar to those in adults, and was safe and well tolerated in young children.

Methods: International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trial (IMPAACT) P1093 is a phase 1-2 ongoing multicentre, open-label, non-comparative study of dolutegravir.

Effect of Maternal Immunization With 10-Valent Pneumococcus Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-10), 23-Valent Pneumococcus Polysaccharide Vaccine, or Placebo on the Immunogenicity of PCV-10 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The effect of pneumococcal vaccination of mothers with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on infant responses to childhood vaccination has not been studied. We compared the immunogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcus conjugate vaccine (PCV-10) in HIV-exposed uninfected infants born to mothers who received PCV-10, 23-valent pneumococcus polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23), or placebo during pregnancy.

Methods: Antibody levels against 7 serotypes were measured at birth, before the first and second doses of PCV-10m and after completion of the 2-dose regimen in 347 infants, including 112 born to mothers who received PPV-23, 112 who received PCV-10, and 119 who received placebo during pregnancy.

Immunogenicity of Conjugated and Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccines Administered During Pregnancy or Postpartum to Women With HIV.

Background: Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended in people with HIV, prioritizing PCV. We compared the immunogenicity of PCV-10 and PPV-23 administered antepartum or postpartum.

Methods: This double-blind study randomized 346 pregnant women with HIV on antiretrovirals to PCV-10, PPV-23, or placebo at 14-34 weeks gestational age.

The Mortality from Hereditary Angioedema Worldwide: a Review of the Real-World Data Literature.

This study aims to review the global mortality secondary to laryngeal edema in patients diagnosed with hereditary angioedema and their relatives over the years, as well as to describe epidemiological and clinical findings associated with this outcome. An extensive search of the literature was made in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase to identify mortality rates secondary to laryngeal edema in patients with hereditary angioedema. The search was carried out in September of 2020 and in April of 2021, and keywords based on the MeSH terms were searched in three databases.

Safety, immunogenicity, and transplacental antibody transport of conjugated and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines administered to pregnant women with HIV: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Background: Pneumococcus remains an important cause of morbidity in pregnant women with HIV and their infants. We compared the safety and immunogenicity of PCV-10 and PPV-23 with placebo administered in pregnancy.

Methods: This double-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial was done at eight outpatient clinics in Brazil.

Outcomes After Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children Living With HIV in Latin America.

Background: Little is known about the long-term outcomes of children living with HIV in Latin America. Few studies have examined antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen switches in the years after the introduction of ART in this population. This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes among children who started second-line ART in the Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology.

The Challenges in the Follow-Up and Treatment of Brazilian Children with Hereditary Angioedema.

Introduction: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency is a rare autosomal dominant disease. Although the first symptoms can appear in childhood, the diagnosis's delay has a strong impact on the patient's quality of life. We analyzed clinical and laboratory characteristics and the drug therapy of pediatric patients with HAE in Brazil.

Raltegravir use and outcomes among children and adolescents living with HIV in the IeDEA global consortium.

Introduction: As integrase inhibitors become available in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), they offer the potential to expand extremely limited treatment options available to children and adolescents. In LMICs, only small numbers have used raltegravir, primarily as part of third-line regimens. Using data from the IeDEA global consortium, we aimed to describe the characteristics of children on raltegravir-containing regimens and their outcomes.

Correlates and Timing of Reproductive Aging Transitions in a Global Cohort of Midlife Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Insights From the REPRIEVE Trial.

Background: Reproductive aging may contribute to cardiometabolic comorbid conditions. We integrated data on gynecologic history with levels of an ovarian reserve marker (anti-müllerian hormone [AMH)] to interrogate reproductive aging patterns and associated factors among a subset of cisgender women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH) enrolled in the REPRIEVE trial.

Methods: A total of 1449 WWH were classified as premenopausal (n = 482) (menses within 12 months; AMH level ≥20 pg/mL; group 1), premenopausal with reduced ovarian reserve (n = 224) (menses within 12 months; AMH <20 pg/mL; group 2), or postmenopausal (n = 743) (no menses within12 months; AMH <20 pg/mL; group 3).

Vertical Transmission of HIV-1 in the Metropolitan Area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil: 2006-2014.

Objective:  To revise HIV-1 vertical transmission (VT) rates in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from January of 2006 to December of 2014.

Methods:  Descriptive study of a prospective cohort of HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their children, monitored by the Maternal and Child HIV/Aids Research Group of Research Group at Faculty of Medicine of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Results:  The VT general rate was 1.

A Phase II/III Trial of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Dosed According to the WHO Pediatric Weight Band Dosing Guidelines.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends weight band dosing of antiretrovirals for children. Data are limited describing drug exposure/safety of lopinavir/ritonavir using WHO weight band dosing.

Methods: International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) P1083 was a phase II/III trial assessing the pharmacokinetics (PK) and short-term safety, tolerance and efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children 3-25 kg dosed according to WHO weight bands, with liquid solution or meltrex extrusion tablets.

Emerging Infections and Pertinent Infections Related to Travel for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies.

In today's global economy and affordable vacation travel, it is increasingly important that visitors to another country and their physician be familiar with emerging infections, infections unique to a specific geographic region, and risks related to the process of travel. This is never more important than for patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD). A recent review addressing common causes of fever in travelers provides important information for the general population Thwaites and Day (N Engl J Med 376:548-560, 2017).

Mortality in Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Initiating Treatment: A Six-Cohort Study in Latin America.

Objectives: To assess the risks of and factors associated with mortality, loss to follow-up, and changing regimens after children with HIV infected perinatally initiate combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Study Design: This 1997-2013 retrospective cohort study included 1174 antiretroviral therapy-naïve, perinatally infected children who started cART age when they were younger than 18 years of age (median 4.7 years; IQR 1.

[Prevalence of congenital and perinatal infection in HIV positive pregnant in Belo Horizonte metropolitan region].

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B&C and syphilis (Torchs) in a cohort pregnant women and to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory factors.

Methods: A total of 1,573 HIV-infected pregnant women from a Brazilian metropolitan region were studied between 1998 and 2013. The results of serological tests were available for 704 (44.

Long-term efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV-1-infected adolescents failing antiretroviral therapy: the final results of study GS-US-104-0321.

Background: Reports of long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment in HIV-infected adolescents are limited. We present final results from the open-label (OL) TDF extension following the randomized, placebo (PBO)-controlled, double-blind phase of GS-US-104-0321 (Study 321).

Methods: HIV-infected 12- to 17-year-olds treated with TDF 300 mg or PBO with an optimized background regimen (OBR) for 24-48 weeks subsequently received OL TDF plus OBR in a single arm study extension.

Are distinct etiologies of upper airway obstruction in mouth-breathing children associated with different cephalometric patterns?

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that mouth-breathing (MB) children by distinct obstructive tissues present a similar cephalometric pattern.

Methods: The sample included 226 prepubescent children (113 MB and 113 nasal breathing (NB) controls). An ENT clinical examination, including flexible nasal endoscopy, orthodontic clinical and cephalometric examinations, was performed on the MB population.

[Illicit drug use by pregnant women infected with HIV].

Purpose: To determine if illicit drug use increases the vertical transmission of HIV, to identify the risk factors involved in mother and child health and the prevalence of illicit drug use among these pregnant women.

Methods: Sixty-four (7.6%) of 845 pregnant women from the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, attended in the service between October 1997 and February 2012 reported the use of illicit drugs.

Elevated aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index in perinatally HIV-infected children in the United States.

Elevated aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index may signal liver fibrosis. Among 397 US children with perinatal HIV infection, at baseline was >1.5 in 0.

Incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis among infants born to HIV-coinfected mothers: case series and literature review.

Introduction: There is a paucity of data on the occurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis in children born to mothers dually infected with HIV and Toxoplasma gondii.

Objective: To evaluate aspects of the mother-infant pairs associated with vertical transmission of toxoplasmosis in women co-infected with HIV in a referral center for perinatally acquired infections in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Methods: Descriptive study of HIV vertically exposed children, with congenital toxoplasmosis, followed at a referral center (cohort/Belo Horizonte).

Lymphadenitis caused by infection with an isoniazid- and rifampin-resistant strain of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in an infant with IFN-γ/IL-12 pathway defect.

We report a rare case in a female infant (age, 3.5 months) with primary immunodeficiency (IFN-γ/IL-12 pathway defect) who presented with suppurative lymphadenitis after Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination. The strain of M.