Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Livestock and Farmers' Choice of Milk Marketing Channels in Rwamagana District, Rwanda.

Brucellosis remains an endemic disease in livestock populations in Rwanda, but the prevalence of the disease varies by geographic region. The common use of informal milk marketing channels represents a health hazard to humans when milk from Brucella-infected cows from one or more households is mixed with milk from other households for human consumption. In Rwanda, knowledge about the burden of brucellosis in livestock and factors associated with farmers' choice of milk marketing channels is very limited.

Exposure factors associated with antimicrobial resistance and identification of management practices for preharvest mitigation along broiler production systems: A systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to (i) determine the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development associated with antimicrobial use (AMU) and other exposure factors in broilers, and (ii) identify best management practices to mitigate preharvest AMR development of enteric bacteria alongside broiler production.

Methods: Study selection criteria comprised the population, exposure or intervention, comparator, and outcome framework and included broiler (population), AMU or other management practices (exposure or intervention), organic or antibiotic-free production (comparator), and the presence of AMR-enteric bacteria/genes (outcome). Peer-reviewed primary research studies were searched in PubMed on 19 December 2022, and AGRICOLA, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science on 10 February 2023.

Multicenter study of factors associated with nonsurvival in hospitalized periparturient goats.

Background: Periparturient reproductive complications appear to be common in hospitalized goats. More information is needed about periparturient reproductive complications and survival in goats with these conditions.

Objective: Identify exposure factors associated with nonsurvival in periparturient does hospitalized ≤1 day or ≥2 days.

Development of temperature-controlled batch and 3-column counter-current protein A system for improved therapeutic purification.

Maximizing product quality attributes by optimizing process parameters and performance attributes is a crucial aspect of bioprocess chromatography process design. Process parameters include but are not limited to bed height, eluate cut points, and elution pH. An under-characterized chromatography process parameter for protein A chromatography is process temperature.

USE OF VISCOELASTIC COAGULATION TESTING IN MEGACHIROPTERA ( AND ) REVEALS HIGH VARIABILITY IN CLOT KINETICS.

Megachiroptera is a mammalian suborder that includes old world fruit bats. Common clinical problems among captive Megachiroptera, such as liver disease (e.g.

Comparison of subarachnoid administration of low-dose bupivacaine and lidocaine in healthy goats.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of low-dose subarachnoid injections of 2% lidocaine (LIDO) and 0.5% bupivacaine (BUPI) in goats.

Animals: 6 healthy, privately owned female goats.

T-line Hernia Mesh Repairs of Large Umbilical Hernias: Technique and Short-term Outcomes.

Background: The T-line hernia mesh is a synthetic, polypropylene mesh specifically designed to prevent anchor point failure by evenly distributing tension through mesh suture extensions. This case series illustrates the first clinical application of the T-line mesh for umbilical hernia repair (UHR).

Methods: This study is a retrospective, consecutive cases series of all adult patients presenting to a single surgeon with symptomatic umbilical hernia requiring surgical repair using the T-line hernia mesh.

DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF BLOOD ANALYTES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL DISEASE IN BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS () AT THE PHOENIX ZOO (2001-2020).

Renal disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in managed black-footed ferrets (BFF; ). The objectives of this study were to establish reference intervals for blood analytes of clinically normal BFF (1-2 yr old), summarize the frequency of various renal histopathologic findings in a managed population of BFF, assess the diagnostic performance of blood analytes and urine specific gravity (USG) for the diagnosis of renal disease, and assess if comorbidities or age affects the performance of these analytes in diagnosing renal disease. Reference intervals were established using a cohort (n = 35) of clinically normal, young adult BFF.

Intraobserver and interobserver agreement of 8 segmental reflexes in healthy dogs.

Background: No available literature supports the claim that the patellar and withdrawal (flexor) reflexes are the only reliable segmental reflexes in dogs.

Objective: Measure intra- and interobserver agreement of 8 segmental reflexes in dogs without clinical evidence of orthopedic or neurologic disease.

Animals: One-hundred and one client- or staff-owned dogs between 1 and 10 years of age with no clinical evidence of orthopedic disease, myelopathy, or neuromuscular disease.

Parturition and Neonatal Parameters of Three Species of Rhinoceros under Managed Care in the United States.

Rhinoceros species range from near threatened to critically endangered due to habitat loss and poaching. A sustainable ex situ breeding population is critically important to maintain genetic diversity and help ensure the survival of the species; however, not all populations under human care are self-sustaining. While rhinoceros reproductive physiology and pathology have been well studied, there is still a paucity of information describing the normal parameters of parturition and neonatal landmarks.

Efficacy of treatment of equine anhidrosis with acupuncture and Chinese herbs is low but higher in treated horses compared with placebo.

Objective: To assess the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture in combination with Chinese herbs for treatment of horses affected with anhidrosis.

Animals: 44 horses affected with anhidrosis for up to 3 years' duration were enrolled. Inclusion required both compatible clinical signs and results of a quantitative intradermal terbutaline sweat test.

Cross-sectional study of physical activity, dietary habits, and mental health of veterinary students after lifting of COVID-19 pandemic measures.

Mental illness is an important public health concern in veterinary students. Recent literature has demonstrated a negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on veterinary students' mental health. Little literature to date has evaluated the mental health of veterinary students affected by the COVID-19 pandemic after most pandemic measures have been lifted.

Multicenter study of uterine tears and other reproductive complications in periparturient goats presented to veterinary teaching hospitals.

Background: Goats are increasingly popular as both production animals and pets. The frequency of and factors associated with periparturient reproductive complications in goats are largely unreported.

Objectives: (1) To report the frequency of periparturient reproductive complications in does presented to university veterinary hospitals and (2) to identify factors associated with uterine tears in the study population.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in dogs with Dirofilaria immitis.

Background: Infection by the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, causes significant cardiopulmonary disease, with progression impacted by increasing parasite numbers and duration of infection. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important mediator of cardiac and pulmonary disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) mitigates the maladaptive effects of angiotensin II by converting it to angiotensin (1-7).

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramuscular alfaxalone in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): effect of injection site.

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular (IM) injection of alfaxalone in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) when injected at a cranial versus a caudal site.

Study Design: Prospective, masked, randomized crossover study.

Animals: A total of 13 healthy bearded dragons weighing 0.

A systematic review of economic assessments for brucellosis control interventions in livestock populations.

Brucellosis in livestock is a disease of paramount importance to animal and human health authorities due to its socio-economic and public health consequences. Benefit cost analyses can help policymakers decide whether allocation of resources is economically beneficial to cover the costs of brucellosis control interventions in populations. One broad question of interest is: what are the consequences of acting, or failing to act, on policy options of selected intervention scenarios (e.

Influence of sex on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system metabolites and enzymes in Doberman Pinschers.

Background: Estrogen modulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in women, but sex differences have not been fully explored in dogs.

Objective: We hypothesized that the RAAS profile of intact female (IF) Doberman Pinschers (DP) would differ from spayed female (SF) and intact male (IM) DP.

Animals: Eighteen healthy DP (6 IF, 6 SF, 6 IM).

Enterococcus durans infection and diarrhea in Thoroughbred foals.

Background: Diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal foals, and correct identification of etiologic agents is essential for effective disease management.

Objective: To examine the association between diarrhea and detection of Enterococcus durans or other enteropathogens in neonatal foals on 1 breeding farm in Kentucky, USA.

Animals: Fifty-nine Thoroughbred foals and their broodmares.

Burden of anemia and intestinal parasites in farmers and family members and owned livestock in two geographic locations in Senegal before and during the rainy seasons.

Different environmental conditions can impact the burden of anemia and intestinal parasite infections in human and livestock populations. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of anemia and intestinal parasite infections in farmers, family members, and owned sheep in two geographic locations along the Senegal River in June (end of the dry season) and September (rainy season). , the prevalence of anemia in humans was high in June (74%) and remained high in September (75%) (p = 0.

Opioid-free sedation for atlantoaxial cerebrospinal fluid collection in adult horses.

Background: Atlantoaxial (AA) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in standing horses utilizes the controlled narcotic morphine, thereby limiting feasibility in field practice settings.

Objectives: To compare AA CSF collection time and reaction scores in horses sedated with morphine-containing and opioid-free sedation protocols: detomidine + morphine (DM), detomidine + xylazine (DX), detomidine + detomidine (DD), detomidine alone (D0); To develop a novel method for assessing sedation in standing horses using open-source motion-tracking software.

Animals: Six healthy adult horses.

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Leadership and Advanced Degrees: Evaluating the Association Between Dual Degrees and Leadership Roles in Academic Plastic Surgery.

Background: There are increasingly prevalent formal educational programs for physicians who seek to be better trained to advance their fields. Although higher education and advanced degrees are not necessarily linked to leadership, we hypothesize that leaders in plastic surgery commonly have dual degrees. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of and association between additional advanced degrees in academic plastic surgery and plastic surgery leadership.

Manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris calf mortality in Florida: a retrospective review of pathology data from 2009-2017.

High maternal investment and extended inter-calving intervals in Florida manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris make calf survivorship critical to overall population growth. However, detailed patterns of causes of mortality in calves have not been reported and state agency statistics report portions of perinatal mortality based on body length rather than actual cause of death (COD). The objectives of this study were to categorize COD based on necropsy data and geographical location in Florida for 1209 manatee calf carcasses (<236 cm total length) examined between January 2009 and December 2017 and to describe factors contributing to calf mortality.

Therapeutic effects of equine amniotic membrane suspension on corneal re-epithelialization and haze in a modified lagomorph ex vivo wound healing model.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of topical equine amniotic membrane (eAM) suspension following corneal wounding in a controlled experimental setting.

Procedures: Equine amniotic membrane was collected, gamma irradiated, homogenized for topical suspension preparation, and cryopreserved. Corneoscleral rims harvested from fresh rabbit globes were wounded via keratectomy and were maintained in an air-liquid interface ex vivo corneal culture model.

Sedation and Anesthesia of Galapagos (), Aldabra (), and African Spurred Tortoises (): A Retrospective Review (2009-2019).

Tortoises belong to the taxonomic family which is considered one of the most imperiled families of the order . Anesthesia is often required for the medical and surgical management of large tortoises. The objectives of this retrospective study were to review drug regimens used to successfully anesthetize Galapagos ( Aldabra and African spurred ( tortoises, and to compare the times to effect and to extubation in tortoises administered different premedication protocols.