[Neuhauser syndrome: the facial dysmorphic phenotype].

Neuhauser syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disease, most cases are sporadic by spontaneous mutation, but there are cases of autosomal recessive genetic transmission; the specific cause is unknown and has no diagnostic test. The disease is clinically characterized by primary megalocornea, congenital hypotonia, mental retardation of varying degree and delayed psychomotor development. The diagnosis in childhood is usually performed by oculo-neurological criteria.

Pitt-Hopkins syndrome: Mental retardation, psychomotor and developmental delays with facial dysmorphism.

The Pitt-Hopkins syndrome is a very rare and severe genetic disease characterized by mental retardation, psychomotor and developmental delays with facial dysmorphism. It was first described in 1978 in patients with mental retardation and crisis of intermittent hyperventilation. The genetic cause is haploinsufficiency of the TCF4 (transcription factor 4) gene that affects the neurodevelopment in both sexes; the majority of patients have spontaneous molecular defects by point mutations or deletions in chromosome 18 at the region 18q21.

[Holt-Oram syndrome associated with facial anomalies. A case report].

Cardiomyelic syndromes have skeletal malformations of the upper limb and congenital heart disease, and are related to mutations in transcription factors with T-Box domains. Holt-Oram syndrome is characterized by upper-extremity malformations involving the radial, thenar, or carpal bones and congenital heart defects. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, a mutation in TBX5 gene located on chromosome 12 (12q24.