Risk factors and outcome of epilepsy in adults with cerebral palsy or intellectual disability.

Introduction: Epilepsy is found in 10-60% of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and 5.5-35% with intellectual disability (ID). However, little is known about the long-term evolution of epilepsy among adults.

Selective deuteration of [(pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazole antisecretory drugs. A NMR study where DMSO-d acts as deuteration agent.

The use of deuterated drug bioisosteres to obtain superior pharmacokinetic properties or to investigate biotransformations at the molecular level is a growing field of pharmaceutical research. This work presents a NMR study on the deuteration of three structurally related antisecretory proton-pump inhibitors, the sodium salts of esomeprazole, 1, pantoprazole, 2, and rabeprazole, 3. It has been found that the methylene adjacent to the sulfinyl group displays stereoselective deuteration when the sodium salts of these products are dissolved at room temperature in DO or CDOD, a process that also occurs very efficiently in DMSO-d (a solvent considered non-deuterating) if a catalytic amount of NaOH is added.

Determination of the enantiomeric purity of the antiasthmatic drug montelukast by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy.

In order to define an enantioselective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method for the antiasthmatic drug montelukast, a series of nine easily available products were evaluated as NMR chiral solvating agents (CSAs): D-dibenzoyltartaric acid, D-ditoluoyltartaric acid, (+)-camphorsulfonic acid, (S)-BINOL, (S)-3,3'-diphenyl-2,2'-binaphthyl-1,1'-diol, (R)-3,3''-di-9-anthracenyl-1,1''-bi-2-naphthol, (R)-3,3''-di-9-phenanthrenyl-1,1''-bi-2-naphthol, Pirkle's alcohol, and (-)-cinchonidine. It was proved that most of the studied agents constitute diastereomeric complexes with both drug enantiomers in CD2 Cl2 or CDCl3 solutions, thus permitting the direct (1)H NMR detection of the unwanted S-enantiomer, even at levels of 0.75%.

Use of (S)-BINOL as NMR chiral solvating agent for the enantiodiscrimination of omeprazole and its analogs.

The application of (S)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol as NMR chiral solvating agent (CSA) for omeprazole, and three of its analogs (lanso-, panto-, and rabe-prazole) was investigated. The formation of diastereomeric host-guest complexes in solution between the CSA and the racemic substrates produced sufficient NMR signal splitting for the determination of enantiomeric excesses by (1)H- or (19)F-NMR spectroscopy. Using of hydrophobic deuterated solvents was mandatory for obtaining good enantiodiscrimination, thus suggesting the importance of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the stabilization of the complexes.