Relationship between current smoking, visual CT findings and emphysema index in cigarette smokers.

Purpose: To evaluate whether visual CT findings could account for the effect of current smoking.

Methods: 500 CT scans were visually evaluated within each lobe. A multivariate model for emphysema index was constructed containing previously described confounders in addition to the visual components associated with smoking status.

CT measurements of central pulmonary vasculature as predictors of severe exacerbation in COPD.

To identify a predictive value for the exacerbation status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects, we evaluated the relationship between pulmonary vascular measurements on chest CT and severe COPD exacerbation.Six hundred three subjects enrolled in the COPDGene population were included and divided into nonexacerbator (n = 313) and severe exacerbator (n = 290) groups, based on whether they had an emergency room visit and/or hospitalization for COPD exacerbation. We measured the diameter of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and ascending aorta (AA) at 2 different sites of the MPA (the tubular midportion and bifurcation) on both axial images and multiplanar reconstructions.

Significance of Low-Attenuation Cluster Analysis on Quantitative CT in the Evaluation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Objective: To assess clinical feasibility of low-attenuation cluster analysis in evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials And Methods: Subjects were 199 current and former cigarette smokers that underwent CT for quantification of COPD and had physiological measurements. Quantitative CT (QCT) measurements included low-attenuation area percent (LAA%) (voxels ≤ -950 Hounsfield unit [HU]), and two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional D values of cluster analysis at three different thresholds of CT value (-856, -910, and -950 HU).

Quantitative computed tomography measurements to evaluate airway disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Relationship to physiological measurements, clinical index and visual assessment of airway disease.

Purpose: To correlate currently available quantitative CT measurements for airway disease with physiological indices and the body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by our institutional review board (IRB number 2778). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

Radiologic-pathologic discordance in biopsy-proven usual interstitial pneumonia.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical, radiological and histological findings in a large population of subjects enrolled during a multicentre study of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, with a focus on discordance between imaging and histologic diagnoses of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP).Two independent radiologists retrospectively reviewed 241 subjects who underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and surgical lung biopsies. HRCT findings were classified as UIP, possible UIP and inconsistent with UIP.

Association Between Expiratory Central Airway Collapse and Respiratory Outcomes Among Smokers.

Importance: Central airway collapse greater than 50% of luminal area during exhalation (expiratory central airway collapse [ECAC]) is associated with cigarette smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its prevalence and clinical significance are unknown.

Objective: To determine whether ECAC is associated with respiratory morbidity in smokers independent of underlying lung disease.

Current Smoking Status Is Associated With Lower Quantitative CT Measures of Emphysema and Gas Trapping.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of smoking status on quantitative computed tomography CT measures of low-attenuation areas (LAAs) on inspiratory and expiratory CT and to provide a method of adjusting for this effect.

Materials And Methods: A total of 6762 current and former smokers underwent spirometry and volumetric inspiratory and expiratory CT. Quantitative CT analysis was completed using open-source 3D Slicer software.

Normalizing computed tomography data reconstructed with different filter kernels: effect on emphysema quantification.

Objectives: To propose and evaluate a method to reduce variability in emphysema quantification among different computed tomography (CT) reconstructions by normalizing CT data reconstructed with varying kernels.

Methods: We included 369 subjects from the COPDGene study. For each subject, spirometry and a chest CT reconstructed with two kernels were obtained using two different scanners.

Relationships between diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and quantitative computed tomography measurements and visual assessment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationships between DLCO, and Quantitative CT (QCT) measurements and visual assessment of pulmonary emphysema and to test the relative roles of visual and quantitative assessment of emphysema.

Materials And Methods: The subjects included 199 current and former cigarette smokers from the COPDGene cohort who underwent inspiratory and expiratory CT and also had diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for alveolar volume (DLCO/VA). Quantitative CT measurements included % low attenuation areas (%LAA-950ins=voxels ≤-950 Hounsfield unit (HU), %LAA-910ins, and %LAA-856ins), mean CT attenuation and 15th percentile HU value on inspiratory CT, and %LAA-856exp (voxels ≤-856 HU on expiratory CT).

Visual Assessment of CT Findings in Smokers With Nonobstructed Spirometric Abnormalities in The COPDGene Study.

Within the COPD Genetic Epidemiology (COPDGene) study population of cigarette smokers, 9% were found to be unclassifiable by the Global Initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. This study was to identify the differences in computed tomography (CT) findings between this nonobstructed (GOLDU) group and a control group of smokers with normal lung function. This research was approved by the institutional review board of each institution.

Relationships between airflow obstruction and quantitative CT measurements of emphysema, air trapping, and airways in subjects with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: This study evaluates the relationships between quantitative CT (QCT) and spirometric measurements of disease severity in cigarette smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials And Methods: Inspiratory and expiratory CT scans of 4062 subjects in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) Study were evaluated. Measures examined included emphysema, defined as the percentage of low-attenuation areas≤-950 HU on inspiratory CT, which we refer to as "LAA-950I"; air trapping, defined as the percentage of low-attenuation areas≤-856 HU on expiratory CT, which we refer to as "LAA-856E"; and the inner diameter, inner and outer areas, wall area, airway wall thickness, and square root of the wall area of a hypothetical airway of 10-mm internal perimeter of segmental and subsegmental airways.

Characterizing functional lung heterogeneity in COPD using reference equations for CT scan-measured lobar volumes.

Background: CT scanning is increasingly used to characterize COPD. Although it is possible to obtain CT scan-measured lung lobe volumes, normal ranges remain unknown. Using COPDGene data, we developed reference equations for lobar volumes at maximal inflation (total lung capacity [TLC]) and relaxed exhalation (approximating functional residual capacity [FRC]).

Quantitative computed tomography of the lungs and airways in healthy nonsmoking adults.

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the reference range of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measures of lung attenuation and airway parameter measurements in healthy nonsmoking adults and to identify sources of variation in those measures and possible means to adjust for them.

Materials And Methods: Within the COPDGene study, 92 healthy non-Hispanic white nonsmokers (29 men, 63 women; mean [SD] age, 62.7 [9.

Gender differences of airway dimensions in anatomically matched sites on CT in smokers.

Rationale And Objectives: There are limited data on, and controversies regarding gender differences in the airway dimensions of smokers. Multi-detector CT (MDCT) images were analyzed to examine whether gender could explain differences in airway dimensions of anatomically matched airways in smokers.

Materials And Methods: We used VIDA imaging software to analyze MDCT scans from 2047 smokers (M:F, 1021:1026) from the COPDGene® cohort.

Differential effects and rates of normal aging in cerebellum and hippocampus.

Cognitive functions show many alternative outcomes and great individual variation during normal aging. We examined learning over the adult life span in CBA mice, along with morphological and electrophysiological substrates. Our aim was to compare cerebellum-dependent delay eyeblink classical conditioning and hippocampus-dependent contextual fear conditioning in the same animals using the same conditioned and unconditioned stimuli for eyeblink and fear conditioning.