Measurement Invariance Across Sex and Time of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale.

The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) is widely used to compare depressive symptoms across sex, and change in depression over time, yet measurement invariance has not been demonstrated. Multiple-groups and longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis assessed measurement invariance of the CES-D in a sample of 697 Spokane Heart Study participants. Findings demonstrated partial measurement invariance across sex of the CES-D across both time points with men having significantly lower depression levels than women at time one ( = -3.

Culture and Child Attachment Patterns: a Behavioral Systems Synthesis.

We propose that the two dominant culture institutions (individualist and collectivist) are neither learned nor cognitively represented by the people who practice them. Instead, they exist as group-level payoff structures that reflect differential distributions of child attachment patterns within a society. Individualist societies reflect an overrepresentation of insecure-avoidant attachments and collectivist societies reflect an overrepresentation of insecure-anxious attachments.

Do Gender Differences in Perceived Prototypical Computer Scientists and Engineers Contribute to Gender Gaps in Computer Science and Engineering?

Women are vastly underrepresented in the fields of computer science and engineering (CS&E). We examined whether women might view the intellectual characteristics of prototypical individuals in CS&E in more stereotype-consistent ways than men might and, consequently, show less interest in CS&E. We asked 269 U.