Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery calcification in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Aims: Elevated small dense LDL cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) increases atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although coronary artery calcification (CAC) is widely used for predicting CVD events, few studies have examined the relationship between sd-LDL-C and CAC.

Methods And Results: This study included 4672 individuals with directly measured baseline sd-LDL-C and CAC from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [mean (standard deviation) age: 61.