Revisiting secondary capsulotomy for posterior capsule management in pediatric cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the development and treatment of visual axis opacification following pediatric cataract extraction with intraocular lens placement (IOL) without primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy (PPC+AV).

Methods: The medical records of children who underwent cataract extraction and IOL at an academic medical center were reviewed retrospectively for development of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) to identify risk factors for development of treatment-requiring posterior capsular opacification.

Results: A total of 63 eyes of 47 children 7 months to 16 years of age were included.

Intracranial pressure and glaucoma.

Our understanding of the potential role intracranial pressure (ICP) may play in the pathophysiology of glaucoma is evolving. ICP can have a profound effect on the optic nerve; edema of the optic disc is an accepted consequence of elevation in ICP, and optic disc blood flow is known to be affected by ICP. Deformation of the orbit also is a known consequence of aberrations in ICP.

Delayed Superficial Migration of Retained Hyaluronic Acid Years Following Periocular Injection.

Cosmetic injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) and other fillers is increasingly common, and the late complications of these relatively new procedures are now coming to medical attention. Three patients with delayed periocular swelling that began years after injection of HA are described, with CT, MRI, and histopathologic characterization. While HA fillers are marketed as having a temporary effect of several months, the authors demonstrate that they may persist in the body for up to 9 years.

Intracranial pressure and skull remodeling.

In this article we review bony changes resulting from alterations in intracranial pressure (ICP) and the implications for ophthalmologists and the patients for whom we care. Before addressing ophthalmic implications, we will begin with a brief overview of bone remodeling. Bony changes seen with chronic intracranial hypotension and hypertension will be discussed.

Orbital trapdoor fractures.

Orbital trapdoor fractures are commonly encountered in children. Awareness of trapdoor fractures is of particular importance. This is because early recognition and treatment are necessary to prevent permanent motility abnormities.

Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates endotoxin-induced corneal inflammation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl pyruvate (EP) in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced corneal inflammation.

Methods: LPS was injected intrastromally into the corneas of C57BL/6 mice followed by treatment with a solution of 2.5% EP in 0.

Initial in vitro investigation of the human immune response to corneal cells from genetically engineered pigs.

Purpose: To compare the in vitro human humoral and cellular immune responses to wild-type (WT) pig corneal endothelial cells (pCECs) with those to pig aortic endothelial cells (pAECs). These responses were further compared with CECs from genetically engineered pigs (α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout [GTKO] pigs and pigs expressing a human complement-regulatory protein [CD46]) and human donors.

Methods: The expression of Galα1,3Gal (Gal), swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I and class II on pCECs and pAECs, with or without activation by porcine IFN-γ, was tested by flow cytometry.

Responses of cultured human keratocytes and myofibroblasts to ethyl pyruvate: a microarray analysis of gene expression.

Purpose: Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has pharmacologic effects that remediate cellular stress. In the organ-cultured murine lens, EP ameliorates oxidative stress, and in a rat cataract model, it attenuates cataract formation. However, corneal responses to EP have not been elucidated.