The differential proteomic response to ischemic stroke in appalachian subjects treated with mechanical thrombectomy.

Introduction: The Appalachia region of North America is known to have significant health disparities, specifically, worse risk factors and outcomes for stroke. Appalachians are more likely to have comorbidities related to stroke, such as diabetes, obesity, and tobacco use, and are often less likely to have stroke interventions, such as mechanical thrombectomy (MT), for emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO). As our Comprehensive Stroke Center directly serves stroke subjects from both Appalachian and non-Appalachian areas, inflammatory proteomic biomarkers were identified associated with stroke outcomes specific to subjects residing in Appalachia.

The Association of Gabapentin Initiation with Cognitive and Behavioral Changes in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Although gabapentin has been increasingly prescribed to older adults, the relation between gabapentin initiation and longer-term neurocognitive changes is not well understood. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association of gabapentin initiation with cognitive and motor function decline in older adult participants with cognitive impairment.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (2005-March 2023).

Alzheimer's disease and inflammatory biomarkers positively correlate in plasma in the UK-ADRC cohort.

Introduction: Protein-based plasma assays provide hope for improving accessibility and specificity of molecular diagnostics to diagnose dementia.

Methods: Plasma was obtained from participants (N = 837) in our community-based University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center cohort. We evaluated six Alzheimer's disease (AD)- and neurodegeneration-related (Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/40, p-tau181, total tau, and NfLight) and five inflammatory biomarkers (TNF𝛼, IL6, IL8, IL10, and GFAP) using the SIMOA-based protein assay platform.

Performance Validity Testing on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery: Base Rates of Failed Embedded Validity Indicators in the Adult Normative Sample.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the base rates of failing proposed embedded validity indicators (EVIs) for the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in the normative sample.

Method: Participants included adults in the NIHTB-CB normative sample with data to calculate age-adjusted standard scores (n = 855; ages: M(SD) = 46.9(17.

Inflammatory-associated proteomic predictors of cognitive outcome in subjects with ELVO treated by mechanical thrombectomy.

Background: Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion (ELVO) stroke causes devastating vascular events which can lead to significant cognitive decline and dementia. In the subset of ELVO subjects treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) at our institution, we aimed to identify systemic and intracranial proteins predictive of cognitive function at time of discharge and at 90-days. These proteomic biomarkers may serve as prognostic indicators of recovery, as well as potential targets for novel/existing therapeutics to be delivered during the subacute stage of stroke recovery.

Examining the Effects of Formal Education Level on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

METHODS: RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS:

Examining the Effects of Formal Education Level on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

METHODS: RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS:

Amyloid-PET Levels in the Precuneus and Posterior Cingulate Cortices Are Associated with Executive Function Scores in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Prior to Overt Global Amyloid Positivity.

Background: Global amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain can be quantified by Aβ-PET scans to support or refute a diagnosis of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (pAD). Yet, Aβ-PET scans enable quantitative evaluation of regional Aβ elevations in pAD, potentially allowing even earlier detection of pAD, long before global positivity is achieved. It remains unclear as to whether such regional changes are clinically meaningful.

Influence of BMI on adenosine deaminase and stroke outcomes in mechanical thrombectomy subjects.

Background: Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion (ELVO) strokes are ischemic vascular events for which novel biomarkers and therapies are needed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Body Mass Index (BMI) on protein expression and signaling at the time of ELVO intervention. Additionally, we highlight the protein adenosine deaminase (ADA), which is a deaminating enzyme that degrades adenosine, which has been shown to be neuroprotective in ischemia.

Cognitive and Behavioral Domains That Reliably Differentiate Normal Aging and Dementia in Down Syndrome.

Primary care integration of Down syndrome (DS)-specific dementia screening is strongly advised. The current study employed principal components analysis (PCA) and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses to identify an abbreviated battery for dementia classification. Scale- and subscale-level scores from 141 participants (no dementia = 68; probable Alzheimer's disease = 73), for the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), Dementia Scale for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD), and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition (Vineland-II) were analyzed.

Four Common Late-Life Cognitive Trajectories Patterns Associate with Replicable Underlying Neuropathologies.

Background: Late-life cognitive function is heterogeneous, ranging from no decline to severe dementia. Prior studies of cognitive trajectories have tended to focus on a single measure of global cognition or individual tests scores, rather than considering longitudinal performance on multiple tests simultaneously.

Objective: The current study aimed to examine cognitive trajectories from two independent datasets to assess whether similar patterns might describe longitudinal cognition in the decade preceding death, as well as what participant characteristics were associated with trajectory membership.

The effects of symptom information coaching on the feigning of adult ADHD.

College students without ADHD may feign symptoms of ADHD to gain access to stimulant medications and academic accommodations. Unfortunately, research has shown that it can be difficult to discriminate malingered from genuine ADHD symptomatology, especially when evaluations are based only on self-report questionnaires. The present study investigated whether nonclinical college students given no additional information could feign ADHD as successfully as those who were coached on symptoms of the disorder.

The Effects of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Combined Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Returning Veterans.

United States veterans of the Iraqi (Operation Iraqi Freedom [OIF]) and Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom [OEF]) conflicts have frequently returned from deployment after sustaining mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and enduring stressful events resulting in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A large number of returning service members have been diagnosed with both a history of mTBI and current PTSD. Substantial literature exists on the neuropsychological factors associated with mTBI and PTSD occurring separately; far less research has explored the combined effects of PTSD and mTBI.

Discriminating among ADHD alone, ADHD with a comorbid psychological disorder, and feigned ADHD in a college sample.

Since the early 2000s concern has increased that college students might feign ADHD in pursuit of academic accommodations and stimulant medication. In response, several studies have validated tests for use in differentiating feigned from genuine ADHD. Although results have generally been positive, relatively few publications have addressed the possible impact of the presence of psychological disorders comorbid with ADHD.

Pb neurotoxicity: neuropsychological effects of lead toxicity.

Neurotoxicity is a term used to describe neurophysiological changes caused by exposure to toxic agents. Such exposure can result in neurocognitive symptoms and/or psychiatric disturbances. Common toxic agents include heavy metals, drugs, organophosphates, bacterial, and animal neurotoxins.

Accuracy of MMPI-2-RF validity scales for identifying feigned PTSD symptoms, random responding, and genuine PTSD.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-RF (MMPI-2-RF) validity scales were evaluated to determine accuracy when differentiating honest responding, random responding, genuine posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and feigned PTSD. Undergraduate students (n = 109), screened for PTSD, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 instructional groups: honest, feign PTSD, half random, and full random. Archival data provided clinical MMPI-2-RF profiles consisting of 31 veterans diagnosed with PTSD.

Neuropsychological effects of self-reported deployment-related mild TBI and current PTSD in OIF/OEF veterans.

Current combat veterans are exposed to many incidents that may result in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While there is literature on the neuropsychological consequences of PTSD only (PTSD-o) and mTBI alone (mTBI-o), less has been done to explore their combined (mTBI+PTSD) effect. The goal of this study was to determine whether Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) veterans with mTBI+PTSD have poorer cognitive and psychological outcomes than veterans with PTSD-o, mTBI-o, or combat exposure-only.

Using symptom validity tests to detect malingered ADHD in college students.

Recently there has been growing concern that college students may feign symptoms of ADHD in order to obtain academic accommodations and stimulant medication. Unfortunately research has only begun to validate detection tools for malingered ADHD. The present study cross-validated the results of Sollman, Ranseen, and Berry (2010) on the efficacy of several symptom validity tests for detection of simulated ADHD among college students.

Detection of malingered mental retardation.

In a cross-validation of results from L. O. Graue et al.