Perforating disorder secondary to leflunomide and review of the literature of medications associated with perforating disorder.

The perforating dermatoses are a group of disorders characterized by transepidermal elimination of a material from the upper dermis. The most widely accepted classification consists of four primary perforating disorders that are defined by the type of material eliminated and the type of epidermal disruption. Pathogenesis of the perforating dermatoses is poorly understood, but some appear to have a genetic component.

Rituximab and low dose oral immune modulating treatment to maintain a sustained response in severe pemphigus patients.

This pilot retrospective study examined the role of continuous low-dose maintenance immunomodulatory treatment (IMT) as an adjunct to rituximab (RTX) rescue therapy in severe pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) after a complete response (CR) to RTX was achieved. Ten severe pemphigus patients who received RTX rescue therapy were evaluated after achieving CR. The post-RTX clinical course and long-term follow up was compared between patients who adhered to a low recommended dose (LRMD) to patients who were non-compliant with LRMD.

Oral lichen sclerosus-a review of clinical presentation, treatment, and clinical outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease involvement, treatment and response, and malignant potential of oral lichen sclerosus (LS).

Study Design: We conducted a review of the literature of 37 cases of oral LS. We looked specifically for the following data: patient demographic characteristics, disease involvement, treatment, response to treatment, duration of follow-up, symptoms, risk factors for oral malignancy, and malignant transformation.

The Airway Microbiome at Birth.

Alterations of pulmonary microbiome have been recognized in multiple respiratory disorders. It is critically important to ascertain if an airway microbiome exists at birth and if so, whether it is associated with subsequent lung disease. We found an established diverse and similar airway microbiome at birth in both preterm and term infants, which was more diverse and different from that of older preterm infants with established chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia).