Evolutionary paths to macrolide resistance in a Neisseria commensal converge on ribosomal genes through short sequence duplications.

Neisseria commensals are an indisputable source of resistance for their pathogenic relatives. However, the evolutionary paths commensal species take to reduced susceptibility in this genus have been relatively underexplored. Here, we leverage in vitro selection as a powerful screen to identify the genetic adaptations that produce azithromycin resistance (≥ 2 μg/mL) in the Neisseria commensal, N.

Exploration of the Resistome Reveals Resistance Mechanisms in Commensals That May Be Acquired by through Horizontal Gene Transfer.

Nonpathogenic transfer mutations encoding antibiotic resistance to their pathogenic relative . However, the resistance genotypes and subsequent phenotypes of nonpathogens within the genus have been described infrequently. Here, we characterize the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a panel of ( = 26)-including several commensal species-to a suite of diverse antibiotics.