Impact of painful physical symptoms on depression outcomes in elderly Asian patients.

ABSTRACT Background: Painful physical symptoms (PPS) are prevalent among elderly patients with depression. We describe the impact of PPS on depression outcomes and quality of life (QOL) of elderly Asian patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: This post hoc analysis of data from a three-month prospective observational study of East Asian MDD in- or out-patients focused on elderly patients aged ≥60 years.

Symptomatic remission and patient quality of life in an observational study of schizophrenia: is there a relationship?

This analysis aimed to examine the association between remission and quality of life (QOL) in schizophrenia. In post-hoc analyses of the 3-year, prospective, observational Schizophrenia Outpatients Health Outcomes (SOHO) study, we compared the QOL of patients who achieved symptomatic and clinical remission with those who did not, and the factors associated. Symptomatic remission was defined as achieving a score of ≤3 on the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia (CGI-SCH) scale, maintained for 6 months and without hospitalization.

Long-term functional improvements in the 2-year treatment of schizophrenia outpatients with olanzapine long-acting injection.

Background: Little is known about the long-term changes in the functioning of schizophrenia patients receiving maintenance therapy with olanzapine long-acting injection (LAI), and whether observed changes differ from those seen with oral olanzapine.

Methods: This study describes changes in the levels of functioning among outpatients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine-LAI compared with oral olanzapine over 2 years. This was a secondary analysis of data from a multicenter, randomized, open-label, 2-year study comparing the long-term treatment effectiveness of monthly olanzapine-LAI (405 mg/4 weeks; n=264) with daily oral olanzapine (10 mg/day; n=260).

Predictors of psychiatric hospitalization during 6 months of maintenance treatment with olanzapine long-acting injection: post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind study.

Background: Hospitalization is a costly and distressing event associated with relapse during schizophrenia treatment. No information is available on the predictors of psychiatric hospitalization during maintenance treatment with olanzapine long-acting injection (olanzapine-LAI) or how the risk of hospitalization differs between olanzapine-LAI and oral olanzapine. This study aimed to identify the predictors of psychiatric hospitalization during maintenance treatment with olanzapine-LAI and assessed four parameters: hospitalization prevalence, incidence rate, duration, and the time to first hospitalization.

Diagnosis delay in first episodes of major depression: a study of primary care patients in Spain.

Background: Diagnosis delay may negatively influence the clinical course of major depression; however, few studies have analysed the role of environmental factors on diagnosis delay. This study was aimed to identify personal and environmental factors related to a longer delay.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study with 3615 primary care patients with a first diagnosis of major depression was conducted.

Changes in adherence and treatment costs following initiation of oral or depot typical antipsychotics among previously non-adherent patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: This study assessed the impact of depot formulations on adherence and treating costs in the naturalistic treatment of previously non-adherent outpatients with schizophrenia.

Methods: Data were taken from the European Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) study. Medication adherence and treating costs during an 18-month follow-up were assessed and compared for non-adherent patients initiated on depot typical (n = 262) or oral typical antipsychotics (n = 169) as monotherapy at the index visit.

Mixed states with predominant manic or depressive symptoms: baseline characteristics and 24-month outcomes of the EMBLEM cohort.

Background: While factors associated with mixed states have been extensively studied, data are scant regarding the clinical heterogeneity of mixed states. The EMBLEM study was a prospective, observational study on patients with manic and mixed states. We describe and compare baseline characteristics and 24-month clinical course of mixed states with predominant depressive symptoms (MSDS) and mixed states with predominant manic symptoms (MSMS).

Antipsychotic monotherapy and polypharmacy in the treatment of outpatients with schizophrenia in the European Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes Study.

This post hoc study used data from the naturalistic Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes study, assessing the factors associated with starting antipsychotic monotherapy and the annual rate and duration of antipsychotic monotherapy among patients initiating atypical antipsychotics (N = 6866). Descriptive and regression analyses were used. Factors associated with starting antipsychotic monotherapy at baseline were antipsychotic treatment for the first time, shorter duration of illness, less severe illness, and better social functioning.

Comparison of treatment discontinuation and hospitalization among nonadherent patients initiating depot or oral typical antipsychotic medications.

This analysis compared the effectiveness (treatment discontinuation and hospitalization) of depot and oral typical antipsychotics in nonadherent outpatients with schizophrenia. Data from the 3-year, prospective, observational Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcome study were used. Time to treatment discontinuation, percentage of patients hospitalized and the mean numbers of hospitalizations were compared for previously nonadherent patients initiating depot typical or oral typical monotherapy.

Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes study: twelve-month findings.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the 12-month outcomes associated with naturalistic antipsychotic treatment of patients participating in the Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) study.

Methods: SOHO is a 3-year, prospective, observational study of the health outcomes associated with antipsychotic treatment in 10 European countries. The study included over 10,000 outpatients who were initiating or changing their antipsychotic medication.

Regional differences in treatment response and three year course of schizophrenia across the world.

Data from the Worldwide-Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (W-SOHO) study was used to determine the frequency of response and describe the course of disease in outpatients with schizophrenia in different regions of the world. The W-SOHO study was a 3-year, prospective, observational study that included over 17,000 outpatients with schizophrenia from 37 countries classified into six regions (Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Latin America, East Asia, Central & Eastern Europe, North Africa & Middle East). Cox proportional-hazards regression was employed to assess the factors associated with response.

Cross-national clinical and functional remission rates: Worldwide Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (W-SOHO) study.

Background: Evidence suggests that schizophrenia may have a better outcome for individuals living in low- and middle-income countries compared with affluent settings.

Aims: To determine the frequency of symptom and functional remission in out-patients with schizophrenia in different regions of the world.

Method: Using data from the Worldwide-Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (W-SOHO) study we measured clinical and functional remission in out-patients with schizophrenia in different regions of the world, and examined sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with these outcomes.

Gender differences in outcomes of acute mania: a 12-month follow-up study.

This study aimed to assess short-term (12 weeks) and long-term (12 months) gender differences in the outcomes of patients experiencing an episode of mania in the course of bipolar disorder. European Mania in Bipolar Longitudinal Evaluation of Medication was a 2-year, prospective, observational study of the outcomes of patients with a manic or mixed episode conducted in 14 European countries. Data were collected during the acute phase (12 weeks) and during a follow-up period (up to 12 months).

Incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: thirty-six-month results from the European schizophrenia outpatient health outcomes study.

The incidence of treatment-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) and tardive dyskinesia (TD) in schizophrenic patients, and the clinical characteristics associated with an increased risk of developing EPSs and TD were examined. Patients (N = 7728) in the 3-year, prospective, observational Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes study were examined according to baseline antipsychotic drug exposure. At baseline, 4893 patients (63.

Factor structure, internal consistency and construct validity of the Sheehan Disability Scale in a Spanish primary care sample.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) is a three-item instrument that measures disability in three inter-related domains: work, family life/home responsibilities and social/leisure activities. The main objective of the present study was to examine the factor structure, reliability and construct validity of the SDS in a wide Spanish sample of primary care (PC) patients.

Methods: One phase cross-sectional survey.

Why do clinicians maintain antidepressants in some patients with acute mania? Hints from the European Mania in Bipolar Longitudinal Evaluation of Medication (EMBLEM), a large naturalistic study.

Objective: Antidepressants are supposed to be withdrawn during a manic episode. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of manic patients who received antidepressants during a manic phase in a large, naturalistic study.

Method: The European Mania in Bipolar Longitudinal Evaluation of Medication was a 2-year prospective observational study of inpatients and outpatients with acute mania/mixed mania (DSM-IV or ICD-10 criteria) conducted in 14 European countries.

Validity and reliability of the Hamilton depression rating scale (5 items) for manic and mixed bipolar disorders.

Depressive symptoms during mania have prognostic value in bipolar disorder. For depressive symptoms, it has been proposed that shorter scales should be cost-effective and practical. To determine the usefulness of 5-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-5) in manic and mixed bipolar disorder, we used a four-week follow-up prospective, observational study.

Mixed states vs. pure mania in the French sample of the EMBLEM study: results at baseline and 24 months--European mania in bipolar longitudinal evaluation of medication.

Background: To describe the clinical course and treatment patterns over 24 months of patients experiencing an acute manic/mixed episode within the standard course of care.

Methods: EMBLEM was a 2-year European prospective, observational study on outcomes of patients experiencing a manic/mixed episode. Adults with bipolar disorder were enrolled within the standard course of care as in/outpatients if they initiated or changed oral medication for treatment of acute mania.

Prevalence of mental disorders in primary care: results from the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in primary care study (DASMAP).

Objective: Previous epidemiological studies have revealed a high prevalence of mental disorders among primary care (PC) patients. However, most studies have methodological limitations (e.g.

Observational study designs for bipolar disorder - what can they tell us about treatment in acute mania?

Randomised controlled trials may have generalisability limitations when applied to the complex treatment of patients with bipolar disorder. Observational study designs can inform us about the diversity of bipolar disorder treatment in naturalistic settings. The aim of this paper was to describe the treatments prescribed for acute mania in a large prospective observational study of bipolar disorder.

Predictors of switching from mania to depression in a large observational study across Europe (EMBLEM).

Background: The risk of switching from mania to depression in bipolar disorder has been poorly studied. Large observational studies may be useful in identifying variables that predict switch to depression after mania and provide data on medication use and outcomes in "real world" patients.

Method: EMBLEM (European Mania in Bipolar Longitudinal Evaluation of Medication) is a 2-year, prospective, observational study of patients with a manic/mixed episode.

Chronic mania revisited: factors associated with treatment non-response during prospective follow-up of a large European cohort (EMBLEM).

Objective: To describe the course and outcome of patients with prospectively defined chronic mania and to identify predictors of treatment non-response.

Method: EMBLEM is a 2-year prospective, observational study of bipolar disorder treatment outcomes conducted in 14 European countries. Patients with a manic/mixed episode were assessed and prospectively followed for 1 year.

Therapeutic effectiveness and patient satisfaction after 6 months of treatment with tadalafil, sildenafil, and vardenafil: results from the erectile dysfunction observational study (EDOS).

Objective: This observational study was conducted across Europe to assess health outcomes in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) who took tadalafil, sildenafil citrate (sildenafil), or vardenafil HCl (vardenafil) for 6 mo.

Methods: Therapy effectiveness and patient satisfaction were evaluated using established and new questions on erectile function. Behavioural, psychological, and relationship outcomes were assessed using the short form of the Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales (SF-PAIRS).