The early-life gut microbiome and vaccine efficacy.

Vaccines are one of the greatest successes of public health, preventing millions of cases of disease and death in children each year. However, the efficacy of many vaccines can vary greatly between infants from geographically and socioeconomically distinct locations. Differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiome have emerged as one of the main factors that can account for variations in immunisation outcomes.

When open data closes the door: A critical examination of the past, present and the potential future for open data guidelines in journals.

Opening data promises to improve research rigour and democratize knowledge production. But it also presents practical, theoretical, and ethical considerations for qualitative researchers in particular. Discussion about open data in qualitative social psychology predates the replication crisis.

The global burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal infection in adults in 2020: a modelling analysis.

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis is the most common cause of meningitis in adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. The estimates of national, regional, and global burden of cryptococcal meningitis are essential to guide prevention strategies and determine needs for diagnostic tests and treatments. We present a 2020 estimate of the global burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal infection (antigenaemia), cryptococcal meningitis, and cryptococcal-associated deaths.

Evaluating ACGME-accredited addiction psychiatry fellowship online content: A critical analysis of addiction psychiatry fellowship program websites in the US.

There is an extreme shortage of addiction psychiatrists and a lack of representation of addiction psychiatry (ADP) fellows from racial/ethnic minoritized backgrounds. ADP fellowship websites are integral in engaging potential applicants. It is therefore critical to understand the quality of engagement that trainees are having with ADP fellowship websites.

Patients with previous immediate hypersensitivity reactions to polyethylene glycol can safely receive the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

Previous anaphylaxis or immediate allergic reaction to polyethylene glycol (PEG; also known as macrogol) is considered a contraindication to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, which contains 50 ug of PEG at a molecular weight of 2000, and this component is thought to account for the higher rate of anaphylaxis seen with this vaccine (4.7 per million doses) than with other non-mRNA vaccines. However, there is evidence that both anaphylaxis to PEG and anaphylaxis to the Pfizer COVID-19 reaction may not be IgE-mediated, with patients with anaphylaxis to first dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine receiving their second dose of vaccine without no or milder reactions in a high-risk clinic setting.

Navigating the digital divide: providing services to people with serious mental illness in a community setting during COVID-19.

Community mental healthcare around the world has been strained as people need more help and experience more barriers to access due to COVID-19. The rapid shift to telehealth services necessitated by the pandemic has made these difficulties even more pronounced. While this transition presented challenges for nearly every healthcare system, it has proven especially difficult for low resource settings such as community health centers.

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Does Not Induce Humoral Response When Administrated Within the Six Months After CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy.

CD19 targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell therapy (CAR-T) leads to B cell aplasia and low serum immunoglobulin levels. Long-lived CD19-negative plasma cells may persist through the therapy and generate antibodies. There is a paucity of data describing how CAR-T impacts the persistence of antibodies against vaccine-related antigens and the degree to which CAR-T recipients may respond to vaccines.

Understanding US Physician and Pharmacist Attitudes Toward Biosimilar Products: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Biosimilars account for 30-40% of biologic medications dispensed in the United States (US), yet healthcare providers in relevant medical specialties have limited awareness of biosimilars and their characteristics. Likewise, many providers perceive biosimilars as less safe and effective than original biologics and are more comfortable prescribing original biologics to patients.

Methods: We conducted in-person focus groups at three clinical sites in California and Texas (n = 49) to explore the reasons behind US healthcare providers' limited understanding of, cautious attitudes toward, and reluctance to prescribe biosimilars.

Regularly occurring bouts of retinal movements suggest an REM sleep-like state in jumping spiders.

Sleep and sleep-like states are present across the animal kingdom, with recent studies convincingly demonstrating sleep-like states in arthropods, nematodes, and even cnidarians. However, the existence of different sleep phases across taxa is as yet unclear. In particular, the study of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is still largely centered on terrestrial vertebrates, particularly mammals and birds.

Induction-phase treatment costs for cryptococcal meningitis in high HIV-burden African countries: New opportunities with lower costs.

Access to and the cost of induction treatment for cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is rapidly changing. The newly-announced price for flucytosine ($0.75 per 500 mg pill) and possibly lower prices for liposomal amphotericin B (AmB-L) create opportunities to reduce CM treatment costs compared to the current standard treatment in low- and middle-income countries.

Guillain-Barré-Like Syndrome From Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Guillain-Barré-like syndrome (GBS) has been noted in solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric, breast, and colon cancer and is characterized by an ascending weakness generally with mild paresthesias; however, it has not been noted in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A 64-year-old woman with moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the upper esophagus receiving 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin chemotherapy concurrently with radiation therapy presented for two weeks of progressive lower extremity weakness and numbness. She experienced acute worsening of symptoms after her cisplatin infusion.

Risk of Malignancy in Patients with Asthma-COPD Overlap Compared to Patients with COPD without Asthma.

Chronic inflammation such as asthma may lead to higher risks of malignancy, which may be inhibited by anti-inflammatory medicine such as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The aim of this study was to evaluate if patients with asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) overlap have a higher risk of malignancy than patients with COPD without asthma, and, secondarily, if inhaled corticosteroids modify such a risk in a nationwide multi-center retrospective cohort study of Danish COPD-outpatients with or without asthma. Patients with asthma-COPD overlap were propensity score matched (PSM) 1:2 to patients with COPD without asthma.

Online mouse cursor trajectories distinguish phonological activation by linguistic and nonlinguistic sounds.

Four online mouse cursor tracking experiments (total N = 208) examined the activation of phonological representations by linguistic and nonlinguistic auditory stimuli. Participants hearing spoken words (e.g.

Depression rates among African American inflammatory bowel disease patients at a large safety net hospital.

Aim: Major depressive disorder is a prominent psychiatric illness in the United States. It has been found to be higher among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, few studies have focused on depression among minority populations with inflammatory bowel disease.

Changes in General Health and Mental Health Outcomes in an Urban Population Over a Decade: A Population-Representative Analysis Stratified by Sexual Orientation.

We explored population-level changes in general and mental health outcomes among sexual minority and heterosexual New York City (NYC) adults. Using the NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we analyzed data from 2931 adults surveyed between 2004 and 2014. Sexual minority (LGB+) participants included those who identified as , , , , or .

Improved Polypropylene Thermoformability through Polyethylene Layering.

Due to its low cost, stiffness, and recyclability, isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is an excellent candidate for packaging applications. However, iPP is notoriously difficult to thermoform due to its low melt strength. The addition of just 10 thin layers of high-molecular-weight, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) into iPP sheets by coextrusion significantly increased extensional viscosity and reduced sag.

Investigation of humans individual differences as predictors of their animal interaction styles, focused on the domestic cat.

Humans' individual differences including their demographics, personality, attitudes and experiences are often associated with important outcomes for the animals they interact with. This is pertinent to companion animals such as cats and dogs, given their social and emotional importance to humans and degree of integration into human society. However, the mechanistic underpinnings and causal relationships that characterise links between human individual differences and companion animal behaviour and wellbeing are not well understood.

A new paradigm for regulation of protein phosphatase 2A function via Src and Fyn kinase-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation.

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major phospho-Ser/Thr phosphatase and a key regulator of cellular signal transduction pathways. While PP2A dysfunction has been linked to human cancer and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), PP2A regulation remains relatively poorly understood. It has been reported that the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) is inactivated by a single phosphorylation at the Tyr307 residue by tyrosine kinases such as v-Src.

Clinical Characteristics, Health Care Utilization, and Outcomes Among Patients in a Pilot Surveillance System for Invasive Mold Disease-Georgia, United States, 2017-2019.

Background: Invasive mold diseases (IMDs) cause severe illness, but public health surveillance data are lacking. We describe data collected from a laboratory-based, pilot IMD surveillance system.

Methods: During 2017-2019, the Emerging Infections Program conducted active IMD surveillance at 3 Atlanta-area hospitals.

Perceptions of Sports and Energy Drinks: Factors Associated with Adolescent Beliefs.

Purpose: To understand what factors are associated with adolescents' perceived healthfulness of sports drinks (SD) and of energy drinks (ED), with a focus on health risk, athletics, and media-related variables.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Online.

The effect of needle length and skin to deltoid muscle distance in adults receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

Background: The mRNA COVID vaccines are only licensed for intramuscular injection but it is unclear whether successful intramuscular administration is required for immunogenicity.

Methods: In this observational study, eligible adults receiving their first Comirnaty/BNT162b2 dose had their skin to deltoid muscle distance (SDMD) measured by ultrasound. The relationship between SDMD and height, weight, body mass index, and arm circumference was assessed.

Pan-cancer analysis of fear of cancer recurrence among cancer survivors.

Background: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a phenomenon estimated to affect a large portion of cancer survivors. This study sought to determine whether patients from a National Cancer Institute-designated institution had their clinical needs met relating to FCR.

Patients And Methods: Patients referred to the survivorship clinic completed The Clinical Needs Assessment Tool for Cancer Survivors (CNAT-CS).

Racial and ethnic differences in alcohol, cannabis, and illicit substance use treatment: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of studies done in the USA.

Reports from uncontrolled trials and surveys suggest that there are disparities in substance-use outcomes for minoritised racial and ethnic populations, yet few of these disparities have emerged from randomised clinical trials (RCTs). We conducted a systematic review of RCTs published in English of Black or Latinx adults with any non-nicotine substance use disorder that reported rates of treatment initiation, engagement, or substance-use outcome by race or ethnicity. Study quality was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool and a Yale internally validated quality assessment.