Stimulating Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase with the Clinical Agonist Riociguat Restrains the Development and Progression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is incurable and fatal, making prostate cancer the second leading cancer-related cause of death for American men. CRPC results from therapeutic resistance to standard-of-care androgen deprivation (AD) treatments, through incompletely understood molecular mechanisms, and lacks durable therapeutic options. In this study, we identified enhanced soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) signaling as a mechanism that restrains CRPC initiation and growth.

Urinary Tract Cytopathology: Current and Future Impact on Patient Care.

Urine cytology is a non-invasive, cost-efficient, and sensitive test to detect high-grade urothelial carcinoma. The Paris System (TPS) for Reporting Urinary Cytology is an evidence-based system that uses the risk of malignancy to guide patient management. Since its inception, TPS has standardized urine cytology reports, facilitating communication among pathologists and between pathologists and clinicians.

Personalized Medicine in Acromegaly: The ACROFAST Study.

Context: Medical treatment of acromegaly is currently performed through a trial-and-error approach using first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fgSRLs) as first-line drugs, with an effectiveness of about 50%, and subsequent drugs are indicated through clinical judgment. Some biomarkers can predict fgSRLs response.

Objective: Here we report the results of the ACROFAST study, a clinical trial in which a protocol based on predictive biomarkers of fgSRLs was evaluated.

Integrative clinical, hormonal, and molecular data associate with invasiveness in acromegaly: REMAH study.

Introduction: Growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors (GHomas) are the most common acromegaly cause. At diagnosis, most of them are macroadenomas, and up to 56% display cavernous sinus invasion. Biomarker assessment associated with tumor growth and invasion is important to optimize their management.

Radical prostatectomy cancer grade and percentage of Gleason pattern 4 estimated by global vs individual tumor grading correlate differently with the risk of biochemical recurrence in Grade Group 2 and 3 cancers.

Objectives: There are 2 grading approaches to radical prostatectomy (RP) in multifocal cancer: Grade Group (GG) and percentage of Gleason pattern 4 (GP4%). We investigated whether RP GG and GP4% generated by global vs individual tumor grading correlate differently with biochemical recurrence.

Methods: We reviewed 531 RP specimens with GG2 or GG3 cancer.

New molecular tools for precision medicine in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Precision, personalized, or individualized medicine in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) has become a major topic in the last few years. It is based on the use of biomarkers that predictively segregate patients and give answers to clinically relevant questions that help us in the individualization of their management. It allows us to make early diagnosis, predict response to medical treatments, predict surgical outcomes and investigate new targets for therapeutic molecules.

Metastatic Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast to the Urinary Bladder: A Report of 10 Cases and Assessment of TRPS1 in the Differential Diagnosis With Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma.

Context.—: Metastatic pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (MPLC) to the bladder is rare and has considerable histologic and immunohistochemical overlap with plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC).

Objective.

Stromal and Epithelial Architectural Alterations Mimicking Invasion (Pseudoinvasion) in Noninvasive Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma.

Context.—: Retraction artifact, paradoxic maturation/differentiation, desmoplasia, and complex irregular growth are morphologic criteria of invasion in urothelial carcinoma.

Objective.

Predictors of Response to Treatment with First-Generation Somatostatin Receptor Ligands in Patients with Acromegaly.

Background And Aims: Predictors of first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fgSRLs) response in acromegaly have been studied for over 30 years, but they are still not recommended in clinical guidelines. Is there not enough evidence to support their use? This systematic review aims to describe the current knowledge of the main predictors of fgSRLs response and discuss their current usefulness, as well as future research directions.

Methods: A systematic search was performed in the Scopus and PubMed databases for functional, imaging, and molecular predictive factors.

Adenocarcinomas of the Gynecologic Tract Involving the Urinary Bladder: A Series of 16 Cases Potentially Mimicking Urothelial Malignancy.

Context.—: There is limited literature describing gynecologic adenocarcinomas involving the urinary bladder and potential diagnostic pitfalls.

Objective.

Transcriptional and epigenetic changes after dietary and surgical weight loss interventions in an animal model of obesity.

Background: Identifying determinants that can predict response to weight loss interventions is imperative for optimizing therapeutic benefit. We aimed to identify changes in DNA methylation and mRNA expression of a subset of target genes following dietary and surgical interventions in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese rats.

Methods: Forty-two adult Wistar Han male rats were divided into two groups: control rats (n = 7) and obese rats (n = 28), fed a HFD for 10 weeks (t10).

Magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of therapeutic response to pasireotide in acromegaly.

Objective: Hyperintensity signal in T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been related to better therapeutic response during pasireotide treatment in acromegaly. The aim of the study was to evaluate T2 MRI signal intensity and its relation with pasireotide therapeutic effectiveness in real-life clinical practice.

Design, Patients And Measurements: Retrospective multicentre study including acromegaly patients treated with pasireotide.

The soluble guanylyl cyclase pathway is inhibited to evade androgen deprivation-induced senescence and enable progression to castration resistance.

Unlabelled: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is fatal and therapeutically under-served. We describe a novel CRPC-restraining role for the vasodilatory soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) pathway. We discovered that sGC subunits are dysregulated during CRPC progression and its catalytic product, cyclic GMP (cGMP), is lowered in CRPC patients.

Molecular characterization of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and medical treatment related-genes in non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Introduction: Different medical therapies have been developed for pituitary adenomas. However, Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (NF-PitNET) have shown little response to them. Furthermore, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been linked to resistance to medical treatment in a significant number of tumors, including pituitary adenomas.

Combined Use of RT-qPCR and NGS for Identification and Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Residual Clinical Laboratory Samples in Miami-Dade County, Florida.

Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) with increased transmissibility and immune escape capabilities, such as Delta and Omicron, have triggered waves of new COVID-19 infections worldwide, and Omicron subvariants continue to represent a global health concern. Tracking the prevalence and dynamics of VOCs has clinical and epidemiological significance and is essential for modeling the progression and evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is recognized as the gold standard for genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants, but it is labor and cost intensive and not amenable to rapid lineage identification.

Urine Cytology Findings in Cases of Pseudocarcinomatous Urothelial Hyperplasia of the Bladder Often Represent a Diagnostic Challenge.

Context.—: Pseudocarcinomatous urothelial hyperplasia (PCUH) architecturally and cytologically mimics cancer. The urine cytology features of PCUH have not been described.