Publications by authors named "Jor Sam Ho"
Enhancing Precision in Detecting Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events: Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models and International Classification of Disease Codes in Patient Records.
Virginia H Sun Julius C Heemelaar Ibrahim Hadzic Vineet K Raghu Chia-Yun Wu Molly F Thomas Jor Sam Ho
J Clin Oncol
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- Current methods for identifying immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy are not very effective, but large language models (LLMs) show promise in improving this process.
- In a study, LLMs were compared to manual reviews and ICD codes for detecting common irAEs in hospitalized patients, demonstrating significantly higher sensitivity especially for conditions like hepatitis and myocarditis.
- The LLM was faster in analysis—averaging 9.53 seconds per chart compared to 15 minutes for manual adjudication—indicating that LLMs could be a valuable tool in clinical settings for accurately identifying irAEs.
A rapidly aging world population is fueling a concomitant increase in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). Scientific inquiry, however, has largely focused on White populations in Australia, the European Union, and North America. As such, there is an incomplete understanding of AD in other populations.
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- Anthracyclines are cancer treatments linked to heart issues, and prior data hinted that atorvastatin could help mitigate these cardiac dysfunctions in lymphoma patients receiving these drugs.
- A double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 300 lymphoma patients, comparing atorvastatin (40 mg daily) to a placebo over 12 months to see its effects on heart health after chemotherapy.
- Results showed that the atorvastatin group had a significantly lower rate (9%) of heart function decline compared to the placebo group (22%), indicating atorvastatin could be beneficial in protecting heart health during cancer treatment.