Quantification of fluorescence angiography for visceral perfusion assessment: measuring agreement between two software algorithms.

Background: Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) may reduce perfusion-related complications of gastrointestinal anastomosis. Software implementations for quantifying ICG-FA are emerging to overcome a subjective interpretation of the technology. Comparison between quantification algorithms is needed to judge its external validity.

Management of acute and chronic pelvic sepsis after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer-a 10-year experience of a national referral centre.

Aim: Uncontrolled pelvic sepsis following rectal cancer surgery may lead to dramatic consequences with significant impact on patients' quality of life. The aim of this retrospective observational study is to evaluate management of pelvic sepsis after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer at a national referral centre.

Method: Referred patients with acute or chronic pelvic sepsis after sphincter preserving rectal cancer resection, with the year of referral between 2010 and 2014 (A) or between 2015 and 2020 (B), were included.

Impact of standardising indocyanine green fluorescence angiography technique for visual and quantitative interpretation on interuser variability in colorectal surgery.

Aim/background: Intra-operative colonic perfusion assessment via indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGFA) aims to address malperfusion-related anastomotic complications; however, its interpretation suffers interuser variability (IUV), especially early in ICGFA experience. This work assesses the impact of a protocol developed for both operator-based judgement and computational development on interpretation consistency, focusing on senior surgeons yet to start using ICGFA.

Methods: Experienced and junior gastrointestinal surgeons were invited to complete an ICGFA-experience questionnaire.

The beauty and complexity of the small heat shock proteins: a report on the proceedings of the fourth workshop on small heat shock proteins.

The Fourth Cell Stress Society International workshop on small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), a follow-up to successful workshops held in 2014, 2016 and 2018, took place as a virtual meeting on the 17-18 November 2022. The meeting was designed to provide an opportunity for those working on sHSPs to reconnect and discuss their latest work. The diversity of research in the sHSP field is reflected in the breadth of topics covered in the talks presented at this meeting.

Perfusion assessment by fluorescence time curves in esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction: a prospective clinical study.

Background: Intraoperative perfusion assessment with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) may reduce postoperative anastomotic leakage rates after esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction. This study evaluated quantitative parameters derived from fluorescence time curves to determine a threshold for adequate perfusion and predict postoperative anastomotic complications.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent FA-guided esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction between August 2020 and February 2022.

Dynamics and Composition of Small Heat Shock Protein Condensates and Aggregates.

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are essential ATP-independent chaperones that protect the cellular proteome. These proteins assemble into polydisperse oligomeric structures, the composition of which dramatically affects their chaperone activity. The biomolecular consequences of variations in sHSP ratios, especially inside living cells, remain elusive.

Understanding fluorescence time curves during ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with or without vascular ligation.

Background: Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) may be of added value during pouch surgery, in particular after vascular ligations as lengthening maneuver. The aim was to determine quantitative perfusion parameters within the efferent/afferent loop and explore the impact of vascular ligation. Perfusion parameters were also compared in patients with and without anastomotic leakage (AL).

The role of fluorescence angiography in colonic interposition after esophagectomy.

Colonic interposition is an alternative for gastric conduit reconstruction after esophagectomy. Anastomotic leakage (AL) occurs in 15-25% of patients and may be attributed to reduced blood supply after vascular ligation. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) can visualize tissue perfusion.

Fluorescence perfusion assessment of vascular ligation during ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Background: Intraoperative fluorescence angiography (FA) is of potential added value during ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), especially after vascular ligation as part of lengthening measures. In this study, time to fluorescent enhancement during FA was evaluated in patients with or without vascular ligation during IPAA.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients that underwent FA-guided IPAA between August 2018 and December 2019 in our tertiary referral centre.

Iatrogenic injury of the urinary tract during salvage procedures for pelvic sepsis: Experience of a national referral centre.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the incidence, consequences and outcomes of iatrogenic urinary tract injury (IUI) during salvage surgery for pelvic sepsis.

Method: Patients who underwent salvage surgery for pelvic sepsis after prior low anterior resection or Hartmann's procedure for rectal cancer were prospectively maintained in a database between 2010 and 2020 and reviewed retrospectively. The primary endpoint was the incidence of IUI.

Evaluation of inter-user variability in indocyanine green fluorescence angiography to assess gastric conduit perfusion in esophageal cancer surgery.

Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography (ICGFA) has been deployed to tackle malperfusion-related anastomotic complications. This study assesses variations in operator interpretation of pre-anastomotic ICGFA inflow in the gastric conduit. Utilizing an innovative online interactive multimedia platform (Mindstamp), esophageal surgeons completed a baseline opinion-practice questionnaire and proceeded to interpret, and then digitally assign, a distal transection point on 8 ICGFA videos of esophageal resections (6 Ivor Lewis, 2 McKeown).

The use of fluorescence angiography to assess bowel viability in the acute setting: an international, multi-centre case series.

Introduction: Assessing bowel viability can be challenging during acute surgical procedures, especially regarding mesenteric ischaemia. Intraoperative fluorescence angiography (FA) may be a valuable tool for the surgeon to determine whether bowel resection is necessary and to define the most appropriate resection margins. The aim of this study is to report on FA use in the acute setting and to judge its impact on intraoperative decision making.

Endogenous piRNA-guided slicing triggers responder and trailer piRNA production from viral RNA in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

In the germline of animals, PIWI interacting (pi)RNAs protect the genome against the detrimental effects of transposon mobilization. In Drosophila, piRNA-mediated cleavage of transposon RNA triggers the production of responder piRNAs via ping-pong amplification. Responder piRNA 3' end formation by the nuclease Zucchini is coupled to the production of downstream trailer piRNAs, expanding the repertoire of transposon piRNA sequences.

A piRNA-lncRNA regulatory network initiates responder and trailer piRNA formation during mosquito embryonic development.

PIWI-interacting (pi)RNAs are small silencing RNAs that are crucial for the defense against transposable elements in germline tissues of animals. In mosquitoes, the piRNA pathway also contributes to gene regulation in somatic tissues, illustrating additional roles for piRNAs and PIWI proteins besides transposon repression. Here, we identify a highly abundant endogenous piRNA (propiR1) that associates with both Piwi4 and Piwi5.

Testing for coeliac disease rarely leads to a diagnosis: a population-based study.

Background: Coeliac disease (CD) has an estimated prevalence of ∼1% in Europe with a significant gap between undiagnosed and diagnosed CD. Active case finding may help to bridge this gap yet the diagnostic yield of such active case finding in general practice by serological testing is unknown.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine (1) the frequency of diagnosed CD in the general population, and (2) to investigate the yield of active case finding by general practitioners.

Fluorescence angiography after vascular ligation to make the ileo-anal pouch reach.

The two most essential technical aspects of any gastrointestinal anastomosis are adequate perfusion and sufficient reach. For ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), a trade-off exists between these two factors, as lengthening manoeuvers to avoid tension may require vascular ligation. In this technical note, we describe two cases in which we used indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography (FA) to assess perfusion of the pouch after vascular ligation to acquire sufficient reach.

PIWI proteomics identifies Atari and Pasilla as piRNA biogenesis factors in Aedes mosquitoes.

As in most arthropods, the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway in the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti is active in diverse biological processes in both soma and germline. To gain insights into piRNA biogenesis and effector complexes, we mapped the interactomes of the somatic PIWI proteins Ago3, Piwi4, Piwi5, and Piwi6 and identify numerous specific interactors as well as cofactors associated with multiple PIWI proteins. We describe the Piwi5 interactor AAEL014965, the direct ortholog of the Drosophila splicing factor pasilla.

The impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental-health services in Europe.

Purpose: The current COVID-19 pandemic confronts psychiatric patients and mental health services with unique and severe challenges.

Methods: In order to identify these trans-national challenges across Europe, an survey was conducted among 23 experts, each answering for one European or aligned country.

Results: A number of important themes and issues were raised for the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and mental health services, barriers to service provision and future consequences.

The value of a dedicated multidisciplinary expert panel to assess treatment strategy in patients suffering from colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Background: For patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM), local treatment is the only treatment with curative intent. The majority of patients with CRLM are however evaluated in multidisciplinary teams of colorectal cancer specialists often lacking expertise in local treatment of liver tumors. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the value of a dedicated multidisciplinary panel consisting of hepatobiliary surgeons and interventional radiologists for patients suffering from liver-only CRLM.

Associations between meeting sleep, physical activity or screen time behaviour guidelines and academic performance in Australian school children.

Background: Current guidelines suggest too little sleep, too little physical activity, and too much sedentary time are associated with poor health outcomes. These behaviours may also influence academic performance in school children. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between sleep, physical activity, or sedentary behaviours and academic performance in a school with a well-developed and integrated technology use and well-being program.

A satellite repeat-derived piRNA controls embryonic development of Aedes.

Tandem repeat elements such as the diverse class of satellite repeats occupy large parts of eukaryotic chromosomes, mostly at centromeric, pericentromeric, telomeric and subtelomeric regions. However, some elements are located in euchromatic regions throughout the genome and have been hypothesized to regulate gene expression in cis by modulating local chromatin structure, or in trans via transcripts derived from the repeats. Here we show that a satellite repeat in the mosquito Aedes aegypti promotes sequence-specific gene silencing via the expression of two PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs).

The Tudor protein Veneno assembles the ping-pong amplification complex that produces viral piRNAs in Aedes mosquitoes.

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) comprise a class of small RNAs best known for suppressing transposable elements in germline tissues. The vector mosquito Aedes aegypti encodes seven PIWI genes, four of which are somatically expressed. This somatic piRNA pathway generates piRNAs from viral RNA during infection with cytoplasmic RNA viruses through ping-pong amplification by the PIWI proteins Ago3 and Piwi5.

Induction and Suppression of NF-κB Signalling by a DNA Virus of .

Interactions between the insect immune system and RNA viruses have been extensively studied in , in which RNA interference, NF-κB, and JAK-STAT pathways underlie antiviral immunity. In response to RNA interference, insect viruses have convergently evolved suppressors of this pathway that act by diverse mechanisms to permit viral replication. However, interactions between the insect immune system and DNA viruses have received less attention, primarily because few -infecting DNA virus isolates are available.

Sickness Absence of Nurses Working in Residential Elder Care: The Essential Role of Psychosocial Job Resources and Home Demands.

Objectives: To elucidate the role and pathways of psychosocial home demands, psychosocial home resources, and psychosocial job resources in relation to sickness absence among nurses working in residential elder care.

Methods: Longitudinal (SEM) analyses with bootstrapping with a 1 year follow-up among 365 nurses were performed. Survey data and registered sickness absence data were used.