A comparison of different measures of the proportion of explained variance in multiply imputed data sets.

The proportion of explained variance is an important statistic in multiple regression for determining how well the outcome variable is predicted by the predictors. Earlier research on 20 different estimators for the proportion of explained variance, including the exact Olkin-Pratt estimator and the Ezekiel estimator, showed that the exact Olkin-Pratt estimator produced unbiased estimates, and was recommended as a default estimator. In the current study, the same 20 estimators were studied in incomplete data, with missing data being treated using multiple imputation.

Role of knowledge and reasoning processes as predictors of resident physicians' susceptibility to anchoring bias in diagnostic reasoning: a randomised controlled experiment.

Background: Diagnostic errors have been attributed to reasoning flaws caused by cognitive biases. While experiments have shown bias to cause errors, physicians of similar expertise differed in susceptibility to bias. Resisting bias is often said to depend on engaging analytical reasoning, disregarding the influence of knowledge.

Effectiveness of an online self-help program, expert-patient support, and their combination for eating disorders: Results from a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Many individuals with an eating disorder do not receive appropriate care. Low-threshold interventions could help bridge this treatment gap. The study aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of Featback, a fully automated online self-help intervention, online expert-patient support and their combination.

Cost-effectiveness of three internet-based interventions for eating disorders: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The primary aim was assessing the cost-effectiveness of an internet-based self-help program, expert-patient support, and the combination of both compared to a care-as-usual condition.

Method: An economic evaluation from a societal perspective was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial. Participants aged 16 or older with at least mild eating disorder symptoms were randomly assigned to four conditions: (1) Featback, an online unguided self-help program, (2) chat or e-mail support from a recovered expert patient, (3) Featback with expert-patient support, and (4) care-as-usual.

The diagnostic process from primary care to child and adolescent mental healthcare services: the incremental value of information conveyed through referral letters, screening questionnaires and structured multi-informant assessment.

Background: A variety of information sources are used in the best-evidence diagnostic procedure in child and adolescent mental healthcare, including evaluation by referrers and structured assessment questionnaires for parents. However, the incremental value of these information sources is still poorly examined.

Aims: To quantify the added and unique predictive value of referral letters, screening, multi-informant assessment and clinicians' remote evaluations in predicting mental health disorders.

Enhancement of Room Temperature Ethanol Sensing by Optimizing the Density of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles.

An ethanol gas sensor based on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with various densities and nanoparticle functionalization was investigated. The CNFs were grown by means of a Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD), and the synthesis conditions were varied to obtain different number of fibers per unit area. The devices with a larger density of CNFs lead to higher responses, with a maximal responsivity of 10%.

The role of infant attention and parental sensitivity in infant cognitive development in the Netherlands and China.

Infant attention and parental sensitivity are important predictors of later child executive function (EF). However, most studies have investigated infant and parent factors in relation to child EF separately and included only mothers from Western samples. The current study examined whether both infant attention at 4 months and parental sensitivity at 4 and 14 months were related to infant EF (i.

Accurate detection of circulating tumor DNA using nanopore consensus sequencing.

Levels of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in liquid biopsies may serve as a sensitive biomarker for real-time, minimally-invasive tumor diagnostics and monitoring. However, detecting ctDNA is challenging, as much fewer than 5% of the cell-free DNA in the blood typically originates from the tumor. To detect lowly abundant ctDNA molecules based on somatic variants, extremely sensitive sequencing methods are required.

Neurobiological correlates of antisociality across adolescence and young adulthood: a multi-sample, multi-method study.

Background: Antisociality across adolescence and young adulthood puts individuals at high risk of developing a variety of problems. Prior research has linked antisociality to autonomic nervous system and endocrinological functioning. However, there is large heterogeneity in antisocial behaviors, and these neurobiological measures are rarely studied conjointly, limited to small specific studies with narrow age ranges, and yield mixed findings due to the type of behavior examined.

Correction: Intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment using a multi-informant multi-generation family design.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Dataset on maternal attitudes about child maltreatment in nine countries using a Q-sort methodology.

Analyses of the present data are reported in the article "Crossing Boundaries: A Pilot Study of Maternal Attitudes about Child Maltreatment in Nine Countries" [8]. Data were collected during home visits using the Maltreatment Q-Sort (MQS). A total of 466 mothers from nine different countries gave their opinion about child maltreatment by sorting 90 cards with parenting behaviors taken from the literature that reflect four types of child maltreatment, into 9 evenly distributed stacks (with 10 cards each) from least to most harmful for the child.

Intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment using a multi-informant multi-generation family design.

In the current study a three-generational design was used to investigate intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment (ITCM) using multiple sources of information on child maltreatment: mothers, fathers and children. A total of 395 individuals from 63 families reported on maltreatment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to combine data from mother, father and child about maltreatment that the child had experienced.

Standardized Regression Coefficients and Newly Proposed Estimators for [Formula: see text] in Multiply Imputed Data.

Whenever statistical analyses are applied to multiply imputed datasets, specific formulas are needed to combine the results into one overall analysis, also called combination rules. In the context of regression analysis, combination rules for the unstandardized regression coefficients, the t-tests of the regression coefficients, and the F-tests for testing [Formula: see text] for significance have long been established. However, there is still no general agreement on how to combine the point estimators of [Formula: see text] in multiple regression applied to multiply imputed datasets.

Crossing boundaries: A pilot study of maternal attitudes about child maltreatment in nine countries.

Background: Definitions of child maltreatment vary widely between studies, and even more so between different cultural contexts.

Objective: In this pilot study, we examine between-country variations in maternal notions about what constitutes child maltreatment.

Participants And Setting: The sample consisted of 466 mothers recruited in Chile, China, Greece, Iran, the Netherlands, Portugal, South Africa, Turkey, and Uruguay.

A randomized controlled trial of an Internet-based intervention for eating disorders and the added value of expert-patient support: study protocol.

Background: E-mental health has become increasingly popular in interventions for individuals with eating disorders (EDs). It has the potential to offer low-threshold interventions and guide individuals to the needed care more promptly. Featback is such an Internet-based intervention and consists of psychoeducation and a fully automated monitoring and feedback system.

Significance Tests and Estimates for for Multiple Regression in Multiply Imputed Datasets: A Cautionary Note on Earlier Findings, and Alternative Solutions.

Whenever multiple regression is applied to a multiply imputed data set, several methods for combining significance tests for and the change in across imputed data sets may be used: the combination rules by Rubin, the Fisher -test for by Harel, and -tests for the change in by Chaurasia and Harel. For pooling itself, Harel proposed a method based on a Fisher transformation. In the current article, it is argued that the pooled based on the Fisher transformation, the Fisher -test for , and the -test for the change in have some theoretical flaws.

Rebutting Existing Misconceptions About Multiple Imputation as a Method for Handling Missing Data.

Missing data is a problem that occurs frequently in many scientific areas. The most sophisticated method for dealing with this problem is multiple imputation. Contrary to other methods, like listwise deletion, this method does not throw away information, and partly repairs the problem of systematic dropout.

Cell-free nucleic acids in body fluids as biomarkers for the prediction and early detection of recurrent head and neck cancer: A systematic review of the literature.

Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive detection method for molecular biomarkers in body fluids which may serve as a novel tool in management of head and neck cancer. The purpose of this systematic review is to outline the current status of liquid biopsy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients by systematically identifying and qualifying all published studies on the diagnostic or prognostic value of cell-free nucleic acids detection for posttreatment disease monitoring and/or disease outcome. A search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library.

One Drop | Mobile on iPhone and Apple Watch: An Evaluation of HbA1c Improvement Associated With Tracking Self-Care.

Background: The One Drop | Mobile app supports manual and passive (via HealthKit and One Drop's glucose meter) tracking of self-care and glycated hemoglobin A (HbA).

Objective: We assessed the HbA change of a sample of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) using the One Drop | Mobile app on iPhone and Apple Watch, and tested relationships between self-care tracking with the app and HbA change.

Methods: In June 2017, we identified people with diabetes using the One Drop | Mobile app on iPhone and Apple Watch who entered two HbA measurements in the app 60 to 365 days apart.

Preanalytical blood sample workup for cell-free DNA analysis using Droplet Digital PCR for future molecular cancer diagnostics.

In current molecular cancer diagnostics, using blood samples of cancer patients for the detection of genetic alterations in plasma (cell-free) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging practice. Since ctDNA levels in blood are low, highly sensitive Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) can be used for detecting rare mutational targets. In order to perform ddPCR on blood samples, a standardized procedure for processing and analyzing blood samples is necessary to facilitate implementation into clinical practice.

One Drop | Mobile: An Evaluation of Hemoglobin A1c Improvement Linked to App Engagement.

Background: Three recent reviews evaluated 19 studies testing the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) benefit of 16 diabetes apps, including 5 publicly available apps. Most studies relied on small samples and did not link app engagement with outcomes.

Objective: This study assessed both HbA1c change in a large sample of people using the One Drop | Mobile app and associations between app engagement and changes in HbA1c.

Droplet digital PCR for detection and quantification of circulating tumor DNA in plasma of head and neck cancer patients.

Background: During posttreatment surveillance of head and neck cancer patients, imaging is insufficiently accurate for the early detection of relapsing disease. Free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may serve as a novel biomarker for monitoring tumor burden during posttreatment surveillance of these patients. In this exploratory study, we investigated whether low level ctDNA in plasma of head and neck cancer patients can be detected using Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR).

The perception of emotion and focus prosody with varying acoustic cues in cochlear implant simulations with varying filter slopes.

This study aimed to find the optimal filter slope for cochlear implant simulations (vocoding) by testing the effect of a wide range of slopes on the discrimination of emotional and linguistic (focus) prosody, with varying availability of F0 and duration cues. Forty normally hearing participants judged if (non-)vocoded sentences were pronounced with happy or sad emotion, or with adjectival or nominal focus. Sentences were recorded as natural stimuli and manipulated to contain only emotion- or focus-relevant segmental duration or F0 information or both, and then noise-vocoded with 5, 20, 80, 120, and 160 dB/octave filter slopes.