The one-up one-down adaptive (staircase) procedure in speech-in-noise testing: Standard error of measurement and fluctuations in the track.

The one-up one-down adaptive (staircase or up-down) procedure is often used to estimate the speech recognition threshold (SRT) in speech-in-noise testing. This article provides a brief historical overview of the one-up one-down procedure in psychophysics, discussing the groundbreaking early work that is still relevant to clinical audiology and scientific research. Next, this article focuses on two aspects of the one-up one-down adaptive procedure: first, the standard error of measurement (SEM) and, second, the fluctuations in the track [i.

Lexical-Access Ability and Cognitive Predictors of Speech Recognition in Noise in Adult Cochlear Implant Users.

Not all of the variance in speech-recognition performance of cochlear implant (CI) users can be explained by biographic and auditory factors. In normal-hearing listeners, linguistic and cognitive factors determine most of speech-in-noise performance. The current study explored specifically the influence of visually measured lexical-access ability compared with other cognitive factors on speech recognition of 24 postlingually deafened CI users.

Morphosyntactic correctness of written language production in adults with moderate to severe congenital hearing loss.

Objective: To examine whether moderate to severe congenital hearing loss (MSCHL) leads to persistent morphosyntactic problems in the written language production of adults, as it does in their spoken language production.

Design: Samples of written language in Dutch were analysed for morphosyntactic correctness and syntactic complexity.

Study Sample: 20 adults with MSCHL and 10 adults with normal hearing (NH).

Change in Psychosocial Health Status Over 5 Years in Relation to Adults' Hearing Ability in Noise.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the longitudinal relationship between hearing ability in noise and psychosocial health outcomes (i.e., loneliness, anxiety, depression, distress, and somatization) in adults aged 18 to 70 years.

The Influence of Linguistic Proficiency on Masked Text Recognition Performance in Adults With and Without Congenital Hearing Impairment.

Objective: The authors first examined the influence of moderate to severe congenital hearing impairment (CHI) on the correctness of samples of elicited spoken language. Then, the authors used this measure as an indicator of linguistic proficiency and examined its effect on performance in language reception, independent of bottom-up auditory processing.

Design: In groups of adults with normal hearing (NH, n = 22), acquired hearing impairment (AHI, n = 22), and moderate to severe CHI (n = 21), the authors assessed linguistic proficiency by analyzing the morphosyntactic correctness of their spoken language production.

The influence of lexical-access ability and vocabulary knowledge on measures of speech recognition in noise.

Objective: The main objective was to investigate the effect of linguistic abilities (lexical-access ability and vocabulary size) on different measures of speech-in-noise recognition in normal-hearing listeners with various levels of language proficiency.

Design: Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured for sentences in steady-state (SRTstat) and fluctuating noise (SRTfluc), and for digit-triplets in steady-state noise (DIN). Lexical-access ability was measured with a lexical-decision test and a word-naming test.

Medication Use in Adults with and without Hearing Impairment.

The objective of this study was to determine whether hearing ability in adults is associated with medication use in general, the use of specific types of medication, or polypharmacy. In this exploratory study, data of the National Longitudinal Study on Hearing (NL-SH; n = 2,160) were used. In total, 62% of the participants reported using any medication in the past 28 days.

Deterioration of Speech Recognition Ability Over a Period of 5 Years in Adults Ages 18 to 70 Years: Results of the Dutch Online Speech-in-Noise Test.

Objectives: The first aim of the present study was to determine the change in speech recognition in noise over a period of 5 years in participants ages 18 to 70 years at baseline. The second aim was to investigate whether age, gender, educational level, the level of initial speech recognition in noise, and reported chronic conditions were associated with a change in speech recognition in noise.

Design: The baseline and 5-year follow-up data of 427 participants with and without hearing impairment participating in the National Longitudinal Study on Hearing (NL-SH) were analyzed.

Speech-in-speech listening on the LiSN-S test by older adults with good audiograms depends on cognition and hearing acuity at high frequencies.

Objectives: The main objective was to investigate age-related differences on the listening in spatialized noise-sentences (LiSN-S) test in adults with normal audiometric thresholds in most of the speech range. A second objective was to examine the contributions of auditory, cognitive, and linguistic abilities to LiSN-S outcomes.

Design: The LiSN-S test was administered to participants in an older group (M(Age) = 72.

Assessing speech recognition abilities with digits in noise in cochlear implant and hearing aid users.

Objective: The primary objective of the study was to investigate the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Dutch digits in noise (DIN) test for measuring speech recognition in hearing aid and cochlear implant users and compare results to the standard sentences-in-noise (SIN) test.

Design: The relation between speech reception thresholds for DIN test and SIN test was analysed to determine the validity of the DIN test. As linguistic skills were expected to make different contributions in these tests, their influence was analysed.

Hearing Loss in Older Persons: Does the Rate of Decline Affect Psychosocial Health?

Objective: This study investigates whether the rate of decline in older persons' hearing status is associated with the rate of decrease in their psychosocial health and explores moderation by baseline hearing status, health-related factors, and sociodemographic factors.

Method: Multilevel analyses were applied to data of 1,178 older participants from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), covering 3 to 7 years of follow-up.

Results: Faster decrease in speech-in-noise recognition was significantly associated with more increase in loneliness for persons with a moderate baseline speech-in-noise recognition (emotional and social loneliness) and for persons who recently lost their partner (emotional loneliness).

The influence of informational masking on speech perception and pupil response in adults with hearing impairment.

A recent pupillometry study on adults with normal hearing indicates that the pupil response during speech perception (cognitive processing load) is strongly affected by the type of speech masker. The current study extends these results by recording the pupil response in 32 participants with hearing impairment (mean age 59 yr) while they were listening to sentences masked by fluctuating noise or a single-talker. Efforts were made to improve audibility of all sounds by means of spectral shaping.

Comorbidity in adults with hearing difficulties: which chronic medical conditions are related to hearing impairment?

Objectives: To investigate the occurrence of 27 chronic medical conditions in a cohort of adults with and without hearing impairment, and to examine the association between these conditions and hearing ability.

Design: The National Longitudinal Study on Hearing (NL-SH study) is a large prospective study among adults aged 18 to 70 years, conducted via the internet in the Netherlands. Hearing ability was measured with a digits-in-noise test and comorbidity was assessed through self-report.

Decline in older persons' ability to recognize speech in noise: the influence of demographic, health-related, environmental, and cognitive factors.

Objectives: The first aim was to investigate whether the rate of decline in older persons' ability to recognize speech in noise over time differs across age and gender. The second aim was to determine extent demographic, health-related, environmental, and cognitive factors influence the change in speech-in-noise recognition over time.

Design: Data covering 3 to 7 years of follow-up (mean: 4.

Vocational rehabilitation services for people with hearing difficulties: a systematic review of the literature.

Objective: The goal of this review was to list and summarize work-related health programs for employees with hearing difficulties and to summarize the statistical evidence of the effectiveness of these programs.

Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library databases for relevant citations. From 2313 unique citations retrieved from the search strategy, we included nine programs that met all inclusion criteria.

Dual sensory loss: A major age-related increase of comorbid hearing loss and hearing aid ownership in visually impaired adults.

Aim: Despite increasing interest in visual and hearing impairment in the older population, little attention has been paid to concurrent hearing and vision loss, also known as dual sensory loss. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of comorbid hearing disability and hearing aid ownership in visually impaired older adults.

Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, a self-report hearing disability screener was administered to 1396 visually impaired patients (aged ≥ 50 years) of outpatient low vision rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands and Belgium.

How linguistic closure and verbal working memory relate to speech recognition in noise--a review.

The ability to recognize masked speech, commonly measured with a speech reception threshold (SRT) test, is associated with cognitive processing abilities. Two cognitive factors frequently assessed in speech recognition research are the capacity of working memory (WM), measured by means of a reading span (Rspan) or listening span (Lspan) test, and the ability to read masked text (linguistic closure), measured by the text reception threshold (TRT). The current article provides a review of recent hearing research that examined the relationship of TRT and WM span to SRTs in various maskers.

Dual sensory loss: development of a dual sensory loss protocol and design of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dual sensory loss (DSL) has a negative impact on health and wellbeing and its prevalence is expected to increase due to demographic aging. However, specialized care or rehabilitation programs for DSL are scarce. Until now, low vision rehabilitation does not sufficiently target concurrent impairments in vision and hearing.

Task difficulty differentially affects two measures of processing load: the pupil response during sentence processing and delayed cued recall of the sentences.

Purpose: In this study, the authors assessed the influence of masking level (29% or 71% sentence perception) and test modality on the processing load during language perception as reflected by the pupil response. In addition, the authors administered a delayed cued stimulus recall test to examine whether processing load affected the encoding of the stimuli in memory.

Method: Participants performed speech and text reception threshold tests, during which the pupil response was measured.

The interpretation of speech reception threshold data in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners: II. Fluctuating noise.

Following previous work [Smits and Festen. (2011). J.

The digits-in-noise test: assessing auditory speech recognition abilities in noise.

A speech-in-noise test which uses digit triplets in steady-state speech noise was developed. The test measures primarily the auditory, or bottom-up, speech recognition abilities in noise. Digit triplets were formed by concatenating single digits spoken by a male speaker.

Processing load induced by informational masking is related to linguistic abilities.

It is often assumed that the benefit of hearing aids is not primarily reflected in better speech performance, but that it is reflected in less effortful listening in the aided than in the unaided condition. Before being able to assess such a hearing aid benefit the present study examined how processing load while listening to masked speech relates to inter-individual differences in cognitive abilities relevant for language processing. Pupil dilation was measured in thirty-two normal hearing participants while listening to sentences masked by fluctuating noise or interfering speech at either 50% and 84% intelligibility.

Effects of reverberation and masker fluctuations on binaural unmasking of speech.

In daily life, listeners use two ears to understand speech in situations which typically include reverberation and non-stationary noise. In headphone experiments, the binaural benefit for speech in noise is often expressed as the difference in speech reception threshold between diotic (N(0)S(0)) and dichotic (N(0)S(π)) conditions. This binaural advantage (BA), arising from the use of inter-aural phase differences, is about 5-6 dB in stationary noise, but may be lower in everyday conditions.

Cost-effectiveness of a vocational enablement protocol for employees with hearing impairment; design of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hearing impairment at the workplace, and the resulting psychosocial problems are a major health problem with substantial costs for employees, companies, and society. Therefore, it is important to develop interventions to support hearing impaired employees. The objective of this article is to describe the design of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the (cost-) effectiveness of a Vocational Enablement Protocol (VEP) compared with usual care.

Clinical evaluation of cochlear implant sound coding taking into account conjectural masking functions, MP3000™.

Efficacy of the SPEAK and ACE coding strategies was compared with that of a new strategy, MP3000™, by 37 European implant centers including 221 subjects. The SPEAK and ACE strategies are based on selection of 8-10 spectral components with the highest levels, while MP3000 is based on the selection of only 4-6 components, with the highest levels relative to an estimate of the spread of masking. The pulse rate per component was fixed.