End-fire versus side-fire: a randomized controlled study of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies for prostate cancer detection.

To compare prostate cancer detection rates between end-fire and side-fire ultrasound guided prostate biopsy techniques. A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in patients who underwent prostate biopsy between 2009 and 2014. Patients were randomly assigned to the end-fire or side fire biopsy groups and underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.

Prognostic factors for occult inguinal lymph node involvement in penile carcinoma and assessment of the high-risk EAU subgroup: a two-institution analysis of 342 clinically node-negative patients.

Background: The European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines advise an elective bilateral lymphadenectomy in clinically node-negative (cN0) patients with high-risk penile carcinoma (≥pT2, G3, or lymphovascular invasion [LVI]).

Objective: Our aim was to assess prognostic factors for occult metastasis and to determine whether current EAU guidelines accurately stratify patients at high risk.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Data of 342 cN0 patients with histologically proven invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma who had undergone the current dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) protocol were analysed.

Repeat dynamic sentinel node biopsy in locally recurrent penile carcinoma.

Objective: To explore the role of repeat dynamic sentinel-node biopsy (SNB) in clinically node-negative patients with locally recurrent penile carcinoma after previous penile surgery and SNB.

Patients And Methods: Between 1994 and 2008, 12 patients (4% of the 304 in our prospectively maintained dynamic sentinel node database) with clinically node-negative groins had a repeat SNB for locally recurrent penile carcinoma after previous penile surgery and SNB. Five of these patients had previously had a unilateral inguinal node dissection for groin metastases.

Lymph node metastasis in intermediate-risk penile squamous cell cancer: a two-centre experience.

Background: The risk of lymph node (LN) metastasis in G2T1 penile cancer has been previously reported as 0-50% and is classified as "intermediate" in the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. The management of impalpable regional nodes in this cohort of patients remains contentious and varies among treatment centres depending on tumour factors and local resources.

Objectives: To establish the risk of LN metastasis in G2T1 disease.

Scanning with 18F-FDG-PET/CT for detection of pelvic nodal involvement in inguinal node-positive penile carcinoma.

Background: Penile carcinoma patients with inguinal lymph node involvement (LNI) have an increased risk for pelvic nodal involvement with or without distant metastases.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT; 18F-FDG PET/CT) scanning in determining further metastatic spread in patients with tumour-positive inguinal nodes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Eighteen patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma with unilateral or bilateral cytologically tumour-positive inguinal disease underwent whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT scanning for tumour staging.

Two-center evaluation of dynamic sentinel node biopsy for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.

Purpose: Sentinel node biopsy is used to evaluate the nodal status of patients with clinically node-negative penile carcinoma. Its use is not widespread, and the majority of patients with clinically node-negative disease undergo an elective inguinal lymph node dissection. Reservations about the use of sentinel node biopsy include the fact that most current results come from one institution and the supposedly long learning curve associated with the procedure.

Prospective evaluation of hybrid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in staging clinically node-negative patients with penile carcinoma.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) to detect occult metastasis in patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) penile carcinoma, as there is little information on the use of (18)F-FDG-PET/CT in penile carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: In 24 patients, scheduled to undergo dynamic sentinel-node biopsy, hybrid PET/CT was used before surgery to assess the nodal status of the cN0-groins. Six of the 24 patients were unilaterally cN0.

Visualization of tumor blockage and rerouting of lymphatic drainage in penile cancer patients by use of SPECT/CT.

Unlabelled: The reliability of sentinel node biopsy is dependent on the accurate visualization and identification of the sentinel node(s). It has been suggested that extensive metastatic involvement of a sentinel node can lead to blocked inflow and rerouting of lymph fluid to a "neo-sentinel node" that may not yet contain tumor cells, causing a false-negative result. However, there is little evidence to support this hypothesis.

Shortcomings of the current TNM classification for penile carcinoma: time for a change?

Introduction: Accurate tumor staging is essential in the management of malignancies. It provides a guide in selecting accurate treatment and gives an indication of prognosis based on the extent of disease. The current TNM classification for penile carcinoma has remained unchanged since 1987.

Evaluation of current TNM classification of penile carcinoma.

Purpose: The TNM classification is the most common tool for staging malignancies. The current classification for penile carcinoma has been unchanged since 1987. There are several shortcomings to this classification.

Anatomical mapping of lymphatic drainage in penile carcinoma with SPECT-CT: implications for the extent of inguinal lymph node dissection.

Background: Knowledge regarding the lymphatic drainage pattern of penile cancer is the basis for the extent of inguinal lymph node dissection for this disease.

Objective: To prospectively analyze the lymphatic drainage pattern of penile carcinoma using SPECT-CT and evaluate the implications for the extent of inguinal lymph node dissection.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The lymphatic drainage patterns of 50 patients scheduled for dynamic sentinel node biopsy were analyzed using a hybrid SPECT-CT scanner.

Microarray gene-expression profiling to predict lymph node metastasis in penile carcinoma.

Objective: To determine the value of gene-expression profiling as a predictor of the status of the regional nodes in patients with penile carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: Tumour samples of 56 patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma were analysed for the gene expression on 35 k oligoarrays; 32 were from patients with histopathologically confirmed lymph node metastases and 24 from those with no lymph node involvement. The 56 patients were divided into a training and validation set.

Recurrence patterns of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: recommendations for follow-up based on a two-centre analysis of 700 patients.

Background: Current follow-up recommendations for patients with penile carcinoma are based on small numbers of patients.

Objectives: To give further insight into the recurrence patterns of penile carcinoma in different treatment settings and provide recommendations for follow up. DESIGNS, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this retrospective study, we analysed 700 patients from two referral centres for penile carcinoma for recurrences.

Holmium laser lithotripsy for ureteral calculi: predictive factors for complications and success.

Purpose: To define possible predictive factors for success and complications for ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy procedures.

Patients And Methods: All 105 ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy procedures performed between 1996 and 2005 were analyzed. Data recorded were sex, age, stone size, stone location, complications, success rate (stone-free rate after 3 months), operative time, and surgeon experience for this procedure.

Reliability and safety of current dynamic sentinel node biopsy for penile carcinoma.

Objectives: Dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) has been performed at our department since 1994 to assess status of inguinal lymph nodes of clinically node-negative (cN0) patients with penile carcinoma. Over time, several modifications were made to reduce the false-negative rate and thus increase sensitivity. We compared the false-negative and complication rates of the current procedure, as performed at our institute since 2001, with the prior procedures.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced penile carcinoma.

Objective: Little data on the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced penile carcinoma are available. We describe the experiences at our institute.

Methods: A total of 20 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for downstaging of irresectable disease in the period from 1972 until August 2005.

Use of positron emission tomography in spindle cell carcinoma of the penis.

A 60-year-old man presented with spindle cell carcinoma of the penis. He underwent surgery and additional positron emission tomography and computed tomography scans to evaluate for possible metastases. Positron emission tomography showed a left inguinal and paravesical hot spot on the right.