A Method for Straightening Distorted Giga-Cast Large Thin-Walled Components.

Giga-casting, a revolutionary approach for manufacturing large, single-piece car body components from aluminium, has emerged as a potential game-changer in the automotive industry. However, these large, thin-walled castings are prone to distortions during solidification and heat treatment processes. Straightening these distortions is crucial to ensure structural integrity, facilitate downstream assembly, and maintain aesthetic qualities.

The Application of Virtual Reality in Shoulder Surgery Rehabilitation.

To achieve a positive functional prognosis in orthopedic surgery, particularly in shoulder surgeries, effective rehabilitation is essential. Recently, there has been growing interest in the use of virtual reality (VR) in the field of orthopedics, particularly for preoperative education and training, as well as clinical and home-based rehabilitation. This report describes the process of developing an application utilizing Meta Quest 2 VR technology (Meta, CA, USA) for rehabilitation after shoulder surgery.

Comparative Study of Post-Surgical Outcomes in Pain, Disability, and Health-Related Quality of Life for Adult Spinal Deformity in Patients Aged above and below 75 Years.

(1) Background: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery is known to improve clinical and radiological parameters; however, it may also cause more complications in elderly patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of ASD surgery, specifically regarding pain, disability, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients aged 75 years and over and patients aged under 75 years; (2) Methods: A total of 151 patients who underwent ASD surgery between August 2014 and September 2020 were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they are 75 years and over or under.

PD-1 instructs a tumor-suppressive metabolic program that restricts glycolysis and restrains AP-1 activity in T cell lymphoma.

The PDCD1-encoded immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 is a key tumor suppressor in T cells that is recurrently inactivated in T cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-NHLs). The highest frequencies of PDCD1 deletions are detected in advanced disease, predicting inferior prognosis. However, the tumor-suppressive mechanisms of PD-1 signaling remain unknown.

Effect of surface matching mismatch of focal knee articular prosthetic on tibiofemoral contact stress using finite element analysis.

Aims: Focal knee arthroplasty is an attractive alternative to knee arthroplasty for young patients because it allows preservation of a large amount of bone for potential revisions. However, the mechanical behaviour of cartilage has not yet been investigated because it is challenging to evaluate in vivo contact areas, pressure, and deformations from metal implants. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the contact pressure in the tibiofemoral joint with a focal knee arthroplasty using a finite element model.

Finite element analysis of femoral component sagittal alignment in mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Recently, there has been an increasing interest in mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, changes in biomechanics for femoral component alignment in mobile-bearing TKA have not been explored in depth.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the biomechanical effect of sagittal alignment of the femoral component in mobile-bearing TKA.

Integrated genomic analyses of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas reveal the molecular bases for disease heterogeneity.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a clinically heterogeneous collection of lymphomas of the skin-homing T cell. To identify molecular drivers of disease phenotypes, we assembled representative samples of CTCLs from patients with diverse disease subtypes and stages. Via DNA/RNA-sequencing, immunophenotyping, and ex vivo functional assays, we identified the landscape of putative driver genes, elucidated genetic relationships between CTCLs across disease stages, and inferred molecular subtypes in patients with stage-matched leukemic disease.

The posterior cortical axis as an alternative reference for femoral component placement in total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Although several reference axes have been established for determining femoral rotational alignment during total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the most accurate axis is undetermined. This study determines the relationship between the posterior cortical axis (PCA) and the trochlear anterior line (TAL) of the femur in relation to the epicondylar axis.

Methods: A total of 341 patients who underwent TKA for osteoarthritis were enrolled.

Effect of the presence of the articular cartilage on the femoral component rotation in total knee arthroplasty in female and varus osteoarthritis knees.

Purpose: Surgical techniques for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) require femoral rotational corrections that alter the position of the surface of the posterior femoral joint especially in kinematic alignment. However, preoperative planning of TKA based on computed tomography (CT), without knowing the femoral cartilage thickness, may cause post-surgery failures in femoral rotation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of posterior condyle cartilage thickness on rotational alignment in the femoral component.

Gender difference in bowing of the sagittal femoral morphology measurement using magnetic resonance imaging.

The importance of femoral sagittal bowing on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has not been actively discussed. Femoral sagittal bowing can lead to cortex damage, fractures, or femoral malalignment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate femoral sagittal bowing at different segments of the femur in the Korean population, and to discuss the implications on total knee arthroplasty.

Sleep Disturbance and Its Clinical Implication in Patients with Adult Spinal Deformity: Comparison with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbance and its clinical implication in patients with ASD.

Methods: A total of 44 patients with ASD and 137 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) were enrolled in the study. Forty four patients were selected from the LSS group after propensity score matching.

Cellular origins and genetic landscape of cutaneous gamma delta T cell lymphomas.

Primary cutaneous γδ T cell lymphomas (PCGDTLs) represent a heterogeneous group of uncommon but aggressive cancers. Herein, we perform genome-wide DNA, RNA, and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing on 29 cutaneous γδ lymphomas. We find that PCGDTLs are not uniformly derived from Vδ2 cells.

Prediction of wear performance in femoral and tibial conformity in patient-specific cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Articular surface curvature design is important in tibiofemoral kinematics and the contact mechanics of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Thus far, the effects of articular surface curvature have not been adequately discussed with respect to conforming, nonconforming, and medial pivot designs in patient-specific TKA. Therefore, this study evaluates the underlying relationship between the articular surface curvature geometry and the wear performance in patient-specific TKA.

Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure and the Resting EEG: Exploring the Thermal Mechanism Hypothesis.

There is now strong evidence that radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure influences the human electroencephalogram (EEG). While effects on the alpha band of the resting EEG have been repeatedly shown, the mechanisms underlying that effect have not been established. The current study used well-controlled methods to assess the RF-EMF exposure effect on the EEG and determine whether that effect might be thermally mediated.

Biomechanical effect with respect to the sagittal positioning of the femoral component in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

Background: Component malalignment in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has been related to the concentration in tibiofemoral joint of contact stress and to poor post-operative outcomes. Few studies investigated a biomechanical effect of femur component position in sagittal plane. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effect of the femoral components on the sagittal alignment under flexion and extension conditions using computational simulations.

Biomechanical effects of posterior tibial slope on unicompartmental knee arthroplasty using finite element analysis.

Background: The effects of the posterior slope of the tibial prosthesis on unicompartmental knee arthroplasty have not been fully evaluated and controversies still exist.

Objective: This study evaluates the effects of the posterior slope of the tibia on contact stresses in polyethylene inserts and articular cartilage using finite element analysis.

Methods: We generated a computational model followed by the development of a posterior tibial slope (PTS) from -1° to 15° cases with increments of 2° PTS models.

Effects of alternating exposure to cold and heat for 14 days on cold tolerance in winter.

People are exposed to heat regularly due to their jobs or daily habits in cold winter, but few studies have reported whether parallel heat and cold exposure and diminish cold acclimation. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alternating exposure to cold and heat on cold tolerance in eight young males. A daily acclimation program to cold and heat, which consisted of 2-h sitting at 10 °C air in the morning and 2-h running and rest at 30 °C air in the afternoon, was conducted for 14 consecutive days.

Feasibility and acceptability of the menstrual cup for non-surgical management of vesicovaginal fistula among women at a health facility in Ghana.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of the menstrual cup for short-term management of urinary leakage among women with vesicovaginal fistula (VVF).

Methods: A repeated measures design compared volume of leakage with and without the cup via a 2-hr pad test among women with VVF seeking surgical repair at a health facility in Ghana. Subsequently a gynecological exam was administered to assess safety outcomes, followed by a questionnaire to assess acceptability and perceived efficacy.

Effect of Practice on Performance and Pacing Strategies During an Exercise Circuit Involving Load Carriage.

Burdon, CA, Park, J, Tagami, K, Groeller, H, and Sampson, JA. Effect of practice on performance and pacing strategies during an exercise circuit involving load carriage. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 700-707, 2018-Pacing is critical for athletic endeavors, and the strategies used by athletes are often modified after practice.

Whole-body cold tolerance in older Korean female divers "haenyeo" during cold air exposure: effects of repetitive cold exposure and aging.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chronic and repetitive diving in cold sea water on physiological responses to cold in older Korean female divers, Haenyeo, who have been exposed to cold water through breath-hold diving since their teens. Young and older females, who have no experience of swimming in cold sea water, were recruited as control groups: older haenyeos (N = 10, 70 ± 3 years of age), young non-diving females (N = 10, 23 ± 2 years), and older non-diving females (N = 6, 73 ± 4 years). For the test of cold exposure, all subjects were exposed to cold in an air temperature of 12 °C with 45% RH in a sitting position for 60 min.

Sensitivity to cutaneous warm stimuli varies greatly in the human head.

The head has been known as the most sensitive area to temperature changes but the values are limited to the face. The purpose of this study was to examine cutaneous warm thresholds on the scalp and face of young males. Eight males participated in this study (24 ± 3 yrs in age, 178.

Cold adaptation, aging, and Korean women divers haenyeo.

Background: We have been studying the thermoregulatory responses of Korean breath-hold women divers, called haenyeo, in terms of aging and cold adaptation. During the 1960s to the 1980s, haenyeos received attention from environmental physiologists due to their unique ability to endure cold water while wearing only a thin cotton bathing suit. However, their overall cold-adaptive traits have disappeared since they began to wear wetsuits and research has waned since the 1980s.

Genomic analysis of 220 CTCLs identifies a novel recurrent gain-of-function alteration in RLTPR (p.Q575E).

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is an incurable non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the skin-homing T cell. In early-stage disease, lesions are limited to the skin, but in later-stage disease, the tumor cells can escape into the blood, the lymph nodes, and at times the visceral organs. To clarify the genomic basis of CTCL, we performed genomic analysis of 220 CTCLs.

Indirect hand and forearm vasomotion: Regional variations in cutaneous thermosensitivity during normothermia and mild hyperthermia.

In this experiment, hand and forearm vasomotor activity was investigated during localised, but stable heating and cooling of the face, hand and thigh, under open-loop (clamped) conditions. It was hypothesised that facial stimulation would provoke the most potent vascular changes. Nine individuals participated in two normothermic trials (mean body temperature clamp: 36.