Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate and Risk of Stroke: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea.

Aims: Although chronic kidney disease is recognized as an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, its association with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke remains controversial.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, which is representative of the Korean population. A total of 195,772 Koreans who were not diagnosed with stroke before 2009 were included in this study from 2009 to 2013.

Fasting glucose level and the risk of incident osteoporosis in the Koreans.

Purpose/introduction: Conflicting results have been published regarding the effect of abnormal glucose metabolism on osteoporosis (AGM). Fasting glucose is a reliable indicator for abnormal glucose metabolism. Therefore, the aim of present study is to identify the association of fasting glucose level with the risk of incident osteoporosis.

Components of metabolic syndrome and their relation to the risk of incident cerebral infarction.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of 5 metabolic components, which are recognized as risk factors for cerebral infarction. The present study was to evaluate the relative influence of individual metabolic component on incident cerebral infarction. Using a data of 209,339 Koreans registered in National Health Information Corporation, we evaluated the risk for incident cerebral infarction according to the number of metabolic component and each metabolic component for 4.

Visceral adiposity index and longitudinal risk of incident metabolic syndrome: Korean genome and epidemiology study (KoGES).

Available data is insufficient to identify the influence of visceral adiposity assessed by visceral adiposity index (VAI) on incident MetS. This study was to evaluate the association of VAI with incident MetS. In a cohort of Korean genome epidemiology study, 5,807 free of MetS were followed-up for 10 years.

The Risk for Incident Ischemic Heart Disease According to Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in A Korean Population.

Aim: Chronic kidney disease, evaluated by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the association between renal function stratified by the eGFR and the risk of incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) in a community-based Asian population is still inconclusive.

Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal observational study.

Body fat percentage, obesity, and their relation to the incidental risk of hypertension.

Studies have indicated that increased body fat is associated with cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension. However, there is only limited information about the influence of body fat percentage (BF%) on incident hypertension. In a cohort of Korean genome epidemiology study (KoGES), 4864 non-hypertensive participants were divided into 5 quintile groups, and followed-up for 10 years to monitor incident hypertension.

Levels of Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure and Their Relation to Incident Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and one third of individuals with hypertension simultaneously have MetS. However, the evidence is still unclear regarding the predictive ability of BP for incident MetS.

Methods: In total, 5,809 Koreans without baseline MetS were grouped by baseline systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) and monitored for 10 years to identify incident MetS.

The association between metabolic syndrome and peanuts, pine nuts, almonds consumption: The Ansan and Ansung Study.

Background: Previous studies reported an inverted relationship between nut consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study investigated the incidental risk for MetS according to peanut, almond, and fine nut consumption in the Korean population.

Methods: In a community-based Korean cohort, 5306 Korean adults were divided into four groups according to their peanut, almond, and fine nut intake (<1/month, 1/month-0.

Association of fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin with the long-term risk of incident metabolic syndrome: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Aims: Previous studies have proposed potential benefit of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) supplementary to fasting glucose in detecting metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was to investigate an association of incident MetS with levels of HbA1c and fasting glucose.

Methods: In a cohort of Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, 5515 non-diabetic adults were grouped by the levels of baseline fasting glucose and HbA1c, and followed-up for 10 years.

Very high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with increased all-cause mortality in South Koreans.

Background And Aims: Our study aimed to investigate the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Korean adults.

Methods: A total of 365,457 participants aged ≥40 years were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2009 to 2015. HDL-C level was categorized into <1.

1-Hour and 2-Hour Postload Glucose Level on Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and the Risk of Incident Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the cardiometabolic risk even in nondiabetic patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that 1-hour postload glucose (PG) and 2-hour PG based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) predicted cardiometabolic risk. However, it is still unclear whether and to what extent postload glucose is associated with the risk of MetS.

Serum ferritin level is associated with liver steatosis and fibrosis in Korean general population.

Background: Elevation of serum ferritin levels is frequently observed in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Our study aims to examine the association between serum ferritin levels and NAFLD in Korean population.

Methods And Results: A total of 25,597 participants were selected from Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys 2007-2012.

Long-Term Risk of Hypertension in Normoglycemia and Prediabetes, and Their Relation to the Change of Glycemic State.

Background: Although increasing evidence has suggested the significant association between dysglycemia and hypertension, this association is less well described in prediabetes. Additionally, it is unclear how risk of hypertension varies according to the change of glycemic state.

Methods: Five thousand four hundred thirteen nondiabetic Koreans were dichotomized into normoglycemia (NG) and prediabetes group and followed-up for 10 years.

Longitudinally evaluated the relationship between body fat percentage and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Background: Body fat plays the significant role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. However, it is not fully identified how body fat percentage (BF%) has an impact on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, this study was to evaluate the incidental risk for T2DM according to BF% level.

The relationship of depression with the level of blood pressure in population-based Kangbuk Samsung Health Study.

There has been increasing evidence about psychosomatic relationship between mood disorder and blood pressure (BP). However, the degree to which BP categories are associated with depression has been less well described. Thus, this study was to investigate the association of depression with BP categories.

The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the categories of body mass index: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Aims: Obesity is an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is limited information on the pattern of relationship between the risk for T2DM and body mass index (BMI) categories including underweight and overweight. Thus, this study was to evaluate the risk of T2DM according to BMI categories defined by Asian-specific cutoff of BMI.

The influence of prehypertension, hypertension, and glycated hemoglobin on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in prediabetes: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Background: It has been reported that elevated blood pressure (BP) was significantly associated with the increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is still limited information about the influence of BP on the risk for T2DM across the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Method: In a cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), 2830 non-diabetic Korean adults with prediabetes defined by HbA1c level of 5.

Consuming Green Tea at Least Twice Each Day Is Associated with Reduced Odds of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults.

Background: The frequent consumption of green tea has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and to reduce the risk of lung cancer and type 2 diabetes. However, few studies have investigated the relation between green tea consumption and the risk of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD).

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between green tea intake and COPD with the use of a nationwide representative database.

The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus according to 2-h plasma glucose level: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Background: Although impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a definite risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is limited information about the risk stratification for incident T2DM within IGT group. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the incidental risk for T2DM according to 2-h plasma glucose (2-h PG) level of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and phenotype of IGT.

Methods: 7654 Korean participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were stratified by 2-h PG levels of OGTT, and followed up for 63,665 person-years.

The optimal cut-off of blood pressure related to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and remodeling in Asian diabetic patients.

Background: Although a recent randomized trial found no difference between intensive and standard blood pressure (BP) control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the debate over the optimal BP target continues. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of BP on the subclinical left ventricular (LV) function and structural changes in diabetic patients.

Method: A total of 2649 patients with DM who received echocardiography were enrolled in this study.

The association between alcohol consumption and left ventricular diastolic function and geometry change in general Korean population.

Aims: The adverse effect of heavy alcohol intake on cardiovascular disease is well established. However, there is only limited information about the risk of subclinical left ventricular (LV) abnormality according to alcohol consumption. Thus, this study was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and LV functional and structural abnormality.

The influence of prehypertension, controlled and uncontrolled hypertension on left ventricular diastolic function and structure in the general Korean population.

Although hypertension is a clear risk factor for cardiovascular disease, how prehypertension and controlled hypertension influence left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and structure remain to be elucidated. Thus, this study was intended to investigate the link between LV diastolic dysfunction and structural changes in different categories of hypertension. A cohort of 52 111 Korean adults receiving echocardiograms was enrolled.

Evaluation of risk for metabolic syndrome according to the fasting insulin concentration in Korean men.

Background: As a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important global health problem due to its high worldwide prevalence. The objective of this study is to determine whether the fasting serum insulin concentration influences future incidence of MetS.

Methods: A total of 14,621 Korean men without MetS participating in a medical health check-up program were followed up from 2005 until 2010.