Korean Black Goat Extract Exerts Estrogen-like Osteoprotective Effects by Stimulating Osteoblast Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells and Suppressing Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Cells.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis, characterized by an imbalance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-driven bone formation, presents substantial health implications. In this study, we investigated the role of black goat extract (BGE), derived from a domesticated native Korean goat, estrogen-like activity, and osteoprotective effects in vitro. BGE's mineral and fatty acid compositions were analyzed via the ICP-AES method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively.

Evaluation of clopidogrel, hypercoagulability, and platelet count in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses.

Dogs that had splenectomy are predisposed to fatal thrombotic conditions, and thrombocytosis is a risk factor for post-splenectomy hypercoagulability. However, in veterinary medicine, there are no specific therapeutic approaches for managing this hypercoagulability. This study aimed to determine the preventive effect of clopidogrel on post-operative hypercoagulability during the first 2 weeks post-splenectomy in dogs with splenic masses.

Potential of Gut Microbial Metabolites in Treating Osteoporosis and Obesity: A Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Approach.

BACKGROUND The gut microbial metabolites demonstrate significant activity against metabolic diseases including osteoporosis (OP) and obesity, but active compounds, targets, and mechanisms have not been fully identified. Hence, the current investigation explored the mechanisms of active metabolites and targets against OP and obesity by using network pharmacology approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS The gutMGene database was used to collect gut microbial targets-associated metabolites; DisGeNET and OMIM databases were used to identify targets relevant to OP and obesity.

Butyrate's (a short-chain fatty acid) microbial synthesis, absorption, and preventive roles against colorectal and lung cancer.

Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by bacterial fermentation of fiber in the colon, is a source of energy for colonocytes. Butyrate is essential for improving gastrointestinal (GI) health since it helps colonocyte function, reduces inflammation, preserves the gut barrier, and fosters a balanced microbiome. Human colonic butyrate producers are Gram-positive firmicutes, which are phylogenetically varied.

Sialocele and Its Association with Hypercortisolism and Long-Term Glucocorticoid Treatment in Dogs: Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Dogs with sialocele often have concurrent hypercortisolism or are receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment. However, their association has not been investigated. This retrospective matched case-control study investigated the association between hypercortisolism, long-term glucocorticoid treatment, and sialocele in dogs.

Thromboelastographic evaluation in dogs with Asian pit viper (Gloydius) envenomation.

The objective of this study was to investigate the thromboelastography (TEG) variables and platelet count after Asian pit viper (Gloydius) envenomation in dogs compared with healthy control dogs. Ten dogs with snake envenomation and twenty healthy dogs were included. There was a significant decrease in G (P=0.

Case report: Lymphocytic-plasmacytic and eosinophilic enterocolitis presented with marked eosinophilia and basophilia in a cat.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a common condition in cats, characterized by recurring gastrointestinal signs with histologic evidence of intestinal inflammation. A 9-month-old neutered male Sphynx cat was presented with a 5-week history of vomiting and hematochezia. Conservative patient management with a therapeutic gastrointestinal formula, antibiotics, and antiemetics resulted in a positive response to treatment, with relapse of signs when the medications were discontinued.

Correlation between the Leaflet-Annulus Index and Echocardiographic Indices in Maltese Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease.

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common chronic heart valve disease, leading to left-sided cardiomegaly in dogs. The leaflet-annulus index (LAI) was originally used in humans as a predictor of mitral regurgitation (MR) after mitral valve repair surgery. This index represents the quantity and severity of MR since it is affected by annular dilation.

Case report: Emphysematous cystitis due to infection with the extension of gas into multiple locations in two non-diabetic dogs: a computed tomographic diagnosis and successful management.

Emphysematous cystitis is an extremely rare, complicated urinary tract infection with the presence of gas in the bladder wall and lumen caused by gas-producing bacterial infections. A 7-year-old spayed female pomeranian dog was presented with a 3-day history of hematuria and pollakiuria (case 1), and a 9-year-old spayed female jindo dog was presented with a 4-day history of intermittent hematuria (case 2). Imaging modalities, including radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography, and bacterial culture tests were used for the diagnosis.

Snake envenomation in three cats in South Korea.

Case Series Summary: Three cats in South Korea were diagnosed with snake envenomation based on the appearance and location of bite wounds. Two cats were envenomed by the species and one by an unidentified species. Clinical signs were detected, including local bite-site swelling, haemorrhagic discharge and necrosis.

Mott Cell Differentiation in Canine Multicentric B Cell Lymphoma with Cross-Lineage Rearrangement and Lineage Infidelity in a Dog.

Lymphoma is a severe condition characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells. A 4-year-old female mongrel dog presented with solitary lymph node enlargement. Significant right prescapular lymphadenopathy and abdominal enlargement were observed during physical examination.

A Retrospective Evaluation of Snake Envenomation in Dogs in South Korea (2004-2021).

Snake envenomation is a medical emergency capable of causing local and systemic complications. However, information on venomous snakebite in dogs in South Korea is scarce. In this study, fifty-nine dogs treated at a private veterinary clinic from 2004 to 2021 were retrospectively studied.

Successful Management of and Recovery from Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies following Surgical Ventral Stabilization in a Dog with Atlantoaxial Subluxation.

A 4-year-old spayed female miniature poodle dog presented with a 1-week history of acute tetraparesis. A neurological examination revealed severe neck pain and non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed hypoplastic dens with moderate compression of the spinal cord at C1-C2.

Successful management of suspected minoxidil toxicosis in a cat following accidental dermal exposure.

Minoxidil was originally introduced as a potent vasodilator, but is now widely used as a topical treatment for human alopecia. A 4-year-old neutered male Norwegian Forest cat presented with a 2-day history of anorexia, lethargy, and dyspnoea. A physical examination revealed hypothermia, tachypnoea, hypotension, and bilateral pulmonary crackles.

Presumptive Non-Ischemic Priapism in a Cat.

A 14-year-old neutered male British shorthair cat presented with a 21-day history of persistent erection and dysuria, along with overgrooming of the perineal region. Mild palpation induced pain and rigid corpora cavernosa with flaccid glans were observed during physical examination. Ultrasonography of the penis did not detect significant blood flow in the penile cavernosal artery.

Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on cancer stemness and mesenchymal transition in breast cancer via regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has been studied in several cancer models and is suggested to act through various pharmacological effects. We investigated the anticancer properties of Rg3 through myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) modulation in FM3A mouse mammary carcinoma cells. The effects of Rg3 on MDSCs and consequent changes in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated by diverse methods.

Thiamine deficiency in a dog associated with exclusive consumption of boiled sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas): Serial changes in clinical findings, magnetic resonance imaging findings and blood lactate and thiamine concentrations.

Thiamine (vitamin B ) is an essential nutrient that significantly influences ATP production in the body. It needs to be supplemented consistently through an exogenous source to prevent deficiency; however, it is easily affected by a variety of mitigating factors. Additionally, thiamine requirements can be influenced by an individual's dietary composition.

Expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α/ß, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, c-Abl, and c-Kit in canine granulomatous meningoencephalitis and necrotizing encephalitis.

Background: Given the active research on targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors (TKIs) in the field of oncology, further studies have recently been conducted to evaluate their use in autoimmune disorders. Based on immunological investigations, previous studies have suggested that granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) and necrotizing encephalomyelitis (NE) are similar to multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a human autoimmune demyelinating central nervous system disease.

Objectives: Considering this perspective, we hypothesized that canine GME and NE have significant expression of one or more TKs, which are associated with human MS pathogenesis.

Evaluation of treatment with a combination of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology: a retrospective study of 86 cases (2009-2017).

Background: Combination therapy with glucocorticoids and adjunctive immunomodulating drugs has been generally accepted as a standard treatment regimen for meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology (MUE). We hypothesized that treatment with MMF as an adjunctive agent along with glucocorticoids would be effective and well-tolerated protocol in dogs with MUE. Eighty-six dogs with MUE between May 2009 and June 2017 were included (59 females and 27 males; mean age of 5.