Identifying Resilience Factors of Distress and Paranoia During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Five Countries.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has affected all countries with more than 100 million confirmed cases and over 2.1 million casualties by the end of January 2021 worldwide. A prolonged pandemic can harm global levels of optimism, regularity, and sense of meaning and belonging, yielding adverse effects on individuals' mental health as represented by worry, paranoia, and distress.

Perceived efficacy of COVID-19 restrictions, reactions and their impact on mental health during the early phase of the outbreak in six countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced millions of people to drastically change their social life habits as governments employed harsh restrictions to reduce the spread of the virus. Although beneficial to physical health, the perception of physical distancing and related restrictions could impact mental health. In a pre-registered online survey, we assessed how effective a range of restrictions were perceived, how severely they affected daily life, general distress and paranoia during the early phase of the outbreak in Brazil, Colombia, Germany, Israel, Norway and USA.

Correction: Deliberate reasoning is not affected by language.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Are Psychotic Experiences Related to Poorer Reflective Reasoning?

Cognitive biases play an important role in the formation and maintenance of delusions. These biases are indicators of a weak reflective mind, or reduced engaging in reflective and deliberate reasoning. In three experiments, we tested whether a bias to accept non-sense statements as profound, treat metaphorical statements as literal, and suppress intuitive responses is related to psychotic-like experiences.

STUDIES ON THE QUALITY OF NEUTRALIZING BACTERIOPHAGE ANTIBODIES PRODUCED BY SINGLE CELLS. I. EVIDENCE INDICATING THAT DIFFERENT CELLS PRODUCE DIFFERENT KINDS OF ANTIBODY AGAINST THE TAIL OF T6.

Single lymph node cells from animals producing anti-T6 were incubated in microdrops together with test phages T2 and T4, which are serologically related to T6. In many of the drops complete or partial inactivation of the test phages was observed. While the ratio anti-T2: anti-T4 in microdrops containing a known low concentration of anti-T6 serum antibody always remained constant, the post-incubation ratio in different single-cell droplets varied greatly.

STUDIES ON THE QUALITY OF NEUTRALIZING BACTERIOPHAGE ANTIBODIES PRODUCED BY SINGLE CELLS. II. EVIDENCE INDICATING THAT DIFFERENT CELLS OF A LYMPH NODE PRODUCE DIFFERENT KINDS OF ANTIBODY AGAINST THE POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN O-9,12 OF SALMONELLA.

Single lymphoid cells from a population producing O antibody anti-9,12 were tested with bacteria sharing only O-9, only O-12 or the complete O-9,12 with the immunogen. Twenty-three per cent of the 420 cells tested attached the motile test bacteria onto themselves, which has been shown to be caused by an antigen—antibody reaction. Out of the positive cells approximately one-quarter were capable of reacting with antigen O-9 but not with O-12, another quarter were capable of reacting with O-12 but not with O-9, and almost a half reacted only with bacteria sharing the complete O-9,12 with the immunogen.