Carbonic anhydrase related protein expression in astrocytomas and oligodendroglial tumors.

Background: Carbonic anhydrase related proteins (CARPs) VIII, X and XI functionally differ from the other carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes. Structurally, they lack the zinc binding residues, which are important for enzyme activity of classical CAs. The distribution pattern of the CARPs in fetal brain implies their role in brain development.

Hsp27 and its expression pattern in diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas.

Aims: Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is induced by cell stress conditions. In the presence of oxidative stress it functions as an antioxidant. To study the putative expression patterns and clinical significance of Hsp27, we assessed the associations between Hsp27, R132H mutation of Isocitrate dehydrogenase1 (IDH1-R132H), Hypoxia-inducible factor subunit alpha (HIF-1 alpha), Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), and patient prognosis in astrocytic gliomas.

Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in astrocytic tumors predicts poor prognosis.

Purpose: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a hypoxia-inducible enzyme, which is associated with neoplastic growth. Ectopic CA IX expression has been observed in several tumors, whose normal counterparts do not express this enzyme. Normal human brain tissue shows only slight or no expression of CA IX.