Avian eye-inspired perovskite artificial vision system for foveated and multispectral imaging.

Avian eyes have deep central foveae as a result of extensive evolution. Deep foveae efficiently refract incident light, creating a magnified image of the target object and making it easier to track object motion. These features are essential for detecting and tracking remote objects in dynamic environments.

Dissolution enables dolomite crystal growth near ambient conditions.

Crystals grow in supersaturated solutions. A mysterious counterexample is dolomite CaMg(CO), a geologically abundant sedimentary mineral that does not readily grow at ambient conditions, not even under highly supersaturated solutions. Using atomistic simulations, we show that dolomite initially precipitates a cation-disordered surface, where high surface strains inhibit further crystal growth.

Calibration of a multiview display with a tilted parallax barrier for reduction of nonlinear extrinsic crosstalk.

Multiview displays, which are capable of displaying different view-images for viewers at different positions, can suffer from undesirable view-image mixing, called crosstalk. In this paper, we propose a method to minimize a class of crosstalk that occurs due to misalignment of flat panel displays and parallax barriers that constitute multiview displays. More specifically, our method is aimed at cases where flat panel displays and parallax barriers are non-parallel.

Dioscin-Mediated Autophagy Alleviates MPP-Induced Neuronal Degeneration: An In Vitro Parkinson's Disease Model.

Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic process by which cells degrade and recycle their malfunctioned contents, and impairment in this process could lead to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Dioscin, a steroidal saponin, has induced autophagy in several cell lines and animal models. The role of dioscin-mediated autophagy in PD remains to be investigated.

Group I mGluRs in Therapy and Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: Focus on mGluR5 Subtype.

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs; members of class C G-protein-coupled receptors) have been shown to modulate excitatory neurotransmission, regulate presynaptic extracellular glutamate levels, and modulate postsynaptic ion channels on dendritic spines. mGluRs were found to activate myriad signalling pathways to regulate synapse formation, long-term potentiation, autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokines release. A notorious expression pattern of mGluRs has been evident in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia.

Mitigating Effect of Blume Extract on Neuroinflammation in Microglial Cells and Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice.

Blume (family, Lauraceae), native to Northeast Asia, has been used traditionally in the treatment of trauma and neuralgia. In this study, we investigated the neuroinflammatory effect of methanol extract of stem (LOS-ME) in a scopolamine-induced amnesia model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. LOS-ME downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells.

Efficient and Stable Solar Hydrogen Generation of Hydrophilic Rhenium-Disulfide-Based Photocatalysts Chemically Controlled Charge Transfer Paths.

Effective charge separation and rapid transport of photogenerated charge carriers without self-oxidation in transition metal dichalcogenide photocatalysts are required for highly efficient and stable hydrogen generation. Here, we report that a molecular junction as an electron transfer path toward two-dimensional rhenium disulfide (2D ReS) nanosheets from zero-dimensional titanium dioxide (0D TiO) nanoparticles induces high efficiency and stability of solar hydrogen generation by balanced charge transport of photogenerated charge carriers. The molecular junctions are created through the chemical bonds between the functionalized ReS nanosheets (, -COOH groups) and -OH groups of two-phase TiO (, ReS-CHC(═O)-O-TiO denoted by ReS-BzO-TiO).

The Ameliorative Effects of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of L. and Its Bioactive Candidate, Irilin B, on LPS-Induced Microglial Inflammation and MPTP-Intoxicated PD-Like Mouse Model.

Hyperactivation of microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, exacerbates various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkinson's disease is generally characterized by a severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway, with substantial neuroinflammation and motor deficits. This was experimentally replicated in animal models, using neurotoxins, i.

Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) Signaling Pathway by Polyphenols in the Treatment of Age-Linked Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on TLR4 Signaling.

Neuronal dysfunction initiates several intracellular signaling cascades to release different proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as various reactive oxygen species. In addition to neurons, microglia, and astrocytes are also affected by this signaling cascade. This release can either be helpful, neutral or detrimental for cell survival.

Cognitive-enhancing and ameliorative effects of acanthoside B in a scopolamine-induced amnesic mouse model through regulation of oxidative/inflammatory/cholinergic systems and activation of the TrkB/CREB/BDNF pathway.

Recently, our research team reported the anti-amnesic potential of desalted-hydroethanolic extracts of Salicornia europaea L. (SE-EE). In this study, we performed bioactivity-guided isolation and identification of Acanthoside B (Aca.

Emerging signals modulating potential of ginseng and its active compounds focusing on neurodegenerative diseases.

Common features of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) include progressive dysfunctions and neuronal injuries leading to deterioration in normal brain functions. At present, ginseng is one of the most frequently used natural products. Its use has a long history as a cure for various diseases because its extracts and active compounds exhibit several pharmacological properties against several disorders.

The Investigation of the Seebeck Effect of the Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-Tosylate with the Various Concentrations of an Oxidant.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-tosylate (PEDOT-Tos) can be synthesized through an in situ polymerization and doping process with iron(III) p-toluenesulfonate hexahydrate as an oxidant. Both the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity were modified by varying the concentration of the oxidant. We investigated the effects of varying the concentration of the oxidant on the particle sizes and doping (oxidation) levels of PEDOT-Tos for thermoelectric applications.

Microfluidization trends in the development of nanodelivery systems and applications in chronic disease treatments.

Plant bioactive compounds are known for their extensive health benefits and therefore have been used for generations in traditional and modern medicine to improve the health of humans. Processing and storage instabilities of the plant bioactive compounds, however, limit their bioavailability and bioaccessibility and thus lead researchers in search of novel encapsulation systems with enhanced stability, bioavailability, and bioaccessibility of encapsulated plant bioactive compounds. Recently many varieties of encapsulation methods have been used; among them, microfluidization has emerged as a novel method used for the development of delivery systems including solid lipid nanocarriers, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and so on with enhanced stability and bioavailability of encapsulated plant bioactive compounds.

Active ginseng components in cognitive impairment: Therapeutic potential and prospects for delivery and clinical study.

Cognitive impairment is a state that affects thinking, communication, understanding, and memory, and is very common in various neurological disorders. Among many factors, age-related cognitive decline is an important area in mental health research. Research to find therapeutic medications or supplements to treat cognitive deficits and maintain cognitive health has been ongoing.

Iterative calibration of a multiview 3D display with linear extrinsic crosstalk using camera feedback.

In this paper, we propose a multiview 3D display calibration algorithm that compensates for misalignment between constituent layers. To minimize distortion of the 3D image due to misalignment, we employ an iterative algorithm using camera feedback. We first establish a mathematical model for the multiview display and predict distortion of a test image pattern due to misalignment.

Aqueous Extract of Leaves Effectively Alleviated Neuroinflammation and Behavioral Impediments in MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Mouse Model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a commonly reported age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Microglial-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the cardinal hallmarks of various neurodegenerative disorders, including PD progression. Inadequate therapeutic strategies and substantial adverse effects of well-established drug candidates demand new therapeutic leads to treat PD.

A multicontrast imaging method using steady-state free precession with alternating RF flip angles.

Purpose: To obtain multicontrast images including fat-suppressed contrast image, a novel multicontrast imaging method using an SSFP sequence with alternating RF flip angles is proposed.

Methods: The proposed method uses the balanced SSFP sequence with 2 flip angles. In general, the conventional balanced SSFP sequence has its own unique contrast, which combines both FID signal and echo signal under a steady-state condition.

Ameliorative potential of desalted Salicornia europaea L. extract in multifaceted Alzheimer's-like scopolamine-induced amnesic mice model.

The Salicornia europaea L. (SE) plant is a halophyte that has been widely consumed as a seasoned vegetable, and it has been recently reported to counteract chronic diseases related to oxidative and inflammatory stress. In this study, we performed an initial phytochemical analysis with in vitro biochemical tests and chromatographic profiling of desalted and enzyme-digested SE ethanol extract (SE-EE).

Therapeutic strategies and nano-drug delivery applications in management of ageing Alzheimer's disease.

In recent years, the incidental rate of neurodegenerative disorders has increased proportionately with the aging population. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most commonly reported neurodegenerative disorders, and it is estimated to increase by roughly 30% among the aged population. In spite of screening numerous drug candidates against various molecular targets of AD, only a few candidates - such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are currently utilized as an effective clinical therapy.

Regularized Huygens' plasmonic wave field synthesis using a metal-clad plasmonic waveguide array.

Huygens' principle states that point sources are the basis of optical wave field generation, and an array of point sources with complex amplitudes that are separated by subwavelength distances can generate a desired optical field distribution. In field synthesis based on the Huygens' principle, the construction of ideal point sources has been overlooked when compared to other elements in optical field synthesis engineering, such as complex modulation. However, the construction of ideal point sources should be considered an important goal because the use of non-ideal point sources generates considerable optical noise in the background of the synthesized field distribution.

High-Resolution Spin-on-Patterning of Perovskite Thin Films for a Multiplexed Image Sensor Array.

Inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite thin films have attracted significant attention as an alternative to silicon in photon-absorbing devices mainly because of their superb optoelectronic properties. However, high-definition patterning of perovskite thin films, which is important for fabrication of the image sensor array, is hardly accomplished owing to their extreme instability in general photolithographic solvents. Here, a novel patterning process for perovskite thin films is described: the high-resolution spin-on-patterning (SoP) process.