Worldwide Survey of COVID-19-Associated Arrhythmias.

[Figure: see text].

The importance of bidirectional block during pulmonary vein isolation.

The definition of a successful ablation of atrial fibrillation can vary among electrophysiologists. A commonly described endpoint is bidirectional block of the four pulmonary veins. A case is described in which entrance block into a pulmonary vein was achieved early during pulmonary vein isolation.

Device-based nonspecific immunomodulation therapy (Celacade), and its potential role in the treatment of chronic heart failure.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, despite the use of optimal standard-of-care medical therapies. Although the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis and progression of CHF has been well-appreciated, attempts to modify specific systemic immune mediators have been unsuccessful. Building on the modest successes of more broad-spectrum immune therapies, Celacade therapy was developed, a device that induces apoptosis in an ex vivo blood sample.