Results From South Korean 2022 Para Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities.

South Korea has developed its first Para Report Card on physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents with disabilities. Five national surveillance databases were used to evaluate PA indicators based on the benchmarks and grading rubric provided by Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. Report card evaluation committees were invited to grade and assess the results using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis.

Deep learning reconstruction in pediatric brain MRI: comparison of image quality with conventional T2-weighted MRI.

Introduction: Deep learning-based MRI reconstruction has recently been introduced to improve image quality. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of deep learning reconstruction in pediatric brain MRI.

Methods: A total of 107 consecutive children who underwent 3.

Application of the theory of planned behavior to understand physical activity intentions and behavior among Korean breast cancer survivors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand physical activity intentions and behaviors among Korean breast cancer survivors.

Methods: A total of 286 Korean breast cancer survivors (M52.3 ± 8.

Hysteretic temperature dependence of resistance controlled by gate voltage in LaAlO/SrTiO heterointerface electron system.

For two-dimensional electron gas device applications, it is important to understand how electrical-transport properties are controlled by gate voltage. Here, we report gate voltage-controllable hysteresis in the resistance-temperature characteristics of two-dimensional electron gas at LaAlO/SrTiO heterointerface. Electron channels made of the LaAlO/SrTiO heterointerface showed hysteretic resistance-temperature behavior: the measured resistance was significantly higher during upward temperature sweeps in thermal cycling tests.

Respiratory motion-resolved four-dimensional zero echo time (4D ZTE) lung MRI using retrospective soft gating: feasibility and image quality compared with 3D ZTE.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and image quality of respiratory motion-resolved 4D zero echo time (ZTE) lung MRI compared with that of 3D ZTE.

Methods: Our institutional review board approved this study. Twenty-one patients underwent lung scans using 3D ZTE and 4D ZTE sequences via prospective and retrospective soft gating techniques, respectively.

Validation of Deep Learning-Based Artifact Correction on Synthetic FLAIR Images in a Different Scanning Environment.

We investigated the capability of a trained deep learning (DL) model with a convolutional neural network (CNN) in a different scanning environment in terms of ameliorating the quality of synthetic fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. The acquired data of 319 patients obtained from the retrospective review were used as test sets for the already trained DL model to correct the synthetic FLAIR images. Quantitative analyses were performed for native synthetic FLAIR and DL-FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images.

Comparison of lung imaging using three-dimensional ultrashort echo time and zero echo time sequences: preliminary study.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of using high-resolution volumetric zero echo time (ZTE) sequence in routine lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compare free breathing 3D ultrashort echo time (UTE) and ZTE lung MRI in terms of image quality and small-nodule detection.

Materials And Methods: Our Institutional Review Board approved this study. Twenty patients underwent both UTE and ZTE sequences during routine lung MR.

Practice patterns and clinical significance of use of capsule endoscopy in suspected and established Crohn's disease.

Background/aims: Although the role of capsule endoscopy (CE) in Crohn's disease (CD) has expanded, CE is not used routinely for diagnosing and evaluating CD in Korea. We aimed to investigate current patterns of practice and evaluate the clinical significance of the use of CE in CD in Korean patients.

Methods: Among 651 CE procedures performed for various indications, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who underwent CE in 57 cases of suspected CD (sCD) and 14 cases of established CD (eCD).

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin as a biomarker for disease severity and relapse in recalcitrant atopic dermatitis.

Background: Eosinophils are encountered in many skin diseases, but the role of eosinophils in atopic dermatitis (AD) remains uncertain.

Objective: To examine the role of serum eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and total IgE as a biomarker of disease severity and relapse in severe recalcitrant AD.

Methods: We enrolled 99 patients with AD: 37 with severe recalcitrant AD, 20 with severe AD, and 42 with mild to moderate AD.

Polarity-tunable magnetic tunnel junctions based on ferromagnetism at oxide heterointerfaces.

Complex oxide systems have attracted considerable attention because of their fascinating properties, including the magnetic ordering at the conducting interface between two band insulators, such as LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. However, the manipulation of the spin degree of freedom at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface has remained elusive. Here, we have fabricated hybrid magnetic tunnel junctions consisting of Co and LaAlO3/SrTiO3 ferromagnets with the insertion of a Ti layer in between, which clearly exhibit magnetic switching and the tunnelling magnetoresistance effect below 10 K.

The effect of rhinovirus on airway inflammation in a murine asthma model.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in lower airway inflammatory immune responses, including cellular responses and responses in terms of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the airway, to rhinovirus (RV) infection on asthma exacerbation by comparing a control and a murine asthma model, with or without RV infection.

Methods: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with a crude extract of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and were subsequently intranasally treated with a crude extract of Df or PBS. Airway responsiveness and cell infiltration, differential cell counts in BALF, and cytokine and chemokine concentrations in BALF were measured 24 hours after intranasal RV1B infection.

Rhinovirus-Infected Epithelial Cells Produce More IL-8 and RANTES Compared With Other Respiratory Viruses.

Purpose: The environmental factors human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and house dust mites (HDMs) are the most common causes of acute exacerbations of asthma. The aim of this study was to compare the chemokine production induced by HRVs in airway epithelial cells with that induced by other respiratory viruses, and to investigate synergistic interactions between HRVs and HDMs on the induction of inflammatory chemokines in vitro.

Methods: A549 human airway epithelial cells were infected with either rhinovirus serotype 7, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-A2 strain, or adenovirus serotype 3 and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-8 and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) release and mRNA expression.

Asymmetric magnetoconductance and magneto-Coulomb effect in a carbon nanotube single electron transistor.

We report single step-like asymmetric magnetoconductance from a double-walled carbon nanotube single electron transistor contacted by ferromagnetic cobalt electrodes. The device conductance changed significantly when the direction of the applied magnetic field was reversed, but did not show the spin-valve-type double extrema feature near the coercive field of the electrodes. The magnetoconductance also showed quasi-periodic sign-reversing oscillations with respect to the applied bias.

Local scanning probe polymerization of an organic monolayer covalently grafted on silicon.

The possibility of lateral extension of conjugation within a covalently grafted molecular layer by a scanning probe-based method was tested. A molecular layer derived from ω-(N-pyrrolyl)propanol was formed on n-type Si(111) surface. Application of large sample biases greater than ±4 V during conductive atomic force microscope (AFM) scans under vacuum resulted in changes of mechanical and electrical characteristics of the molecular layer: the tip-sample conductance was increased greatly, the friction was reduced significantly, and the surface potential of the scanned area was increased.

Sodium sulfite enhances rhinovirus-induced chemokine production in airway epithelial cells.

We investigated the effects of sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3)) on rhinovirus (RV)-induced chemokine production in A549 airway epithelial cells. Our results demonstrated that the treatment of A549 cells with 2,500 μM Na(2)SO(3) enhanced the mRNA expression of RV-induced interleukin (IL)-8 1.8 fold (p = 0.

Prevalence of primary immunodeficiency in Korea.

This study represents the first epidemiological study based on the national registry of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Korea. Patient data were collected from 23 major hospitals. A total of 152 patients with PID (under 19 yr of age), who were observed from 2001 to 2005, have been entered in this registry.

Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in infants 3 months of age and younger.

Purpose: This study investigated the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants ≤3-month-old.

Methods: To study the epidemiology of KD in Korea, data for 27,851 KD patients were collected on a 3-year basis between 2000 and 2008 in a retrospective survey. From this, data for 609 KD patients ≤3-month-old were analyzed and compared with the data for KD patients >3-month-old.

Detection of uncharged or feebly charged small molecules by field-effect transistor biosensors.

This paper describes a new technique for the detection of uncharged or feebly charged small molecules (<400Da) using Si field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors that are signal-enhanced by gold nanoparticle (NP) charges under dry measurement conditions. NP charges are quickly induced by a chemical deposition (that is, Au deposition) and the indirect competitive immunogold assay, and strongly enhance the electrical signals of the FET biosensors. For the validation of signal enhancement of FET biosensors based on NP charges and detection of uncharged or feebly charged small molecules, mycotoxins (MTXs) of aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), and ochratoxin-A (OTA) were used as target molecules.

Effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on regulated on activation, normal T-cells expressed and secreted production in a murine model of asthma.

Purpose: Synthesis of regulated on activation, normal T-cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) in the airway has previously been shown to be elevated after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. However, since few studies have examined whether RSV-infected asthma patients express a higher level of RANTES than do normal individuals, we used a murine model of asthma to address this question.

Methods: We prepared Dermatophagoides farinae-sensitized mice as an asthma model, and then infected them with RSV and analyzed the changes in airway responsiveness and the cell populations and cytokine levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Swine-origin influenza A viral (H1N1) infection in children: chest computed tomography findings.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in children with swine-origin influenza (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection.

Materials And Methods: The radiologists retrospectively reviewed chest CT findings in 12 children with S-OIV infection and recorded the following findings: ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, nodules, reticular opacities, peribronchial cuffing, and air trapping; distribution; affected lobes. The presence of pleural effusions, pneumomediastinum, pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE), and lymphadenopathy was also recorded.

Atomic imaging of nucleation of trimethylaluminum on clean and H2O functionalized Ge(100) surfaces.

The direct reaction of trimethylaluminum (TMA) on a Ge(100) surface and the effects of monolayer H(2)O pre-dosing were investigated using ultrahigh vacuum techniques, such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT). At room temperature (RT), a saturation TMA dose produced 0.8 monolayers (ML) of semi-ordered species on a Ge(100) surface due to the dissociative chemisorption of TMA.

Difference of clinical features in childhood Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Background: M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MP) has been reported in 10-40% of community-acquired pneumonia cases. We aimed to evaluate the difference of clinical features in children with MP, according to their age and chest radiographic patterns.

Initiation of a passivated interface between hafnium oxide and In(Ga)As(0 0 1)-(4x2).

Hafnium oxide interfaces were studied on two related group III rich semiconductor surfaces, InAs(0 0 1)-(4x2) and In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As(0 0 1)-(4x2), via two different methods: reactive oxidation of deposited Hf metal and electron beam deposition of HfO(2).