Bilateral Ovarian Fibromatosis in a Postmenopausal Female: A Case Report with Emphasis on MRI Findings and Differential Diagnosis.

Ovarian fibromatosis is a rare non-neoplastic condition that causes ovarian enlargement in women, typically around the age of 25. This enlargement is due to the proliferation of the collagen-producing ovarian stroma. On T2-weighted MRI, a key diagnostic feature of ovarian fibromatosis is the 'black garland sign,' characterized by multilobulated very low signal intensity along the ovarian surface.

Immunocytochemistry on frozen-embedded cell block for the diagnosis of hematolymphoid cytology specimen: a straightforward alternative to the conventional cell block.

Agarose-based cell block (CB) technique can be modified to be combined with the frozen section technique for the preparation of a high-quality frozen-embedded CB (F-CB) from an effusion or fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology sample. This combined technique can be effectively used for the immunocharacterization of the hematolymphoid cells on F-CB. To demonstrate the applicability of performing diagnostic ICC on F-CB, we have analyzed the immunophenotype of the hematolymphoid cells in a series of eight cases of effusions and eight cases of FNA cytology specimens by using CB-ICC on sections cut from frozen-embedded CBs.

A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer: 2nd Edition.

The first edition of 'A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer' was initiated by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists and published 17 years ago. Since then, significant advances have been made in the pathologic diagnosis, molecular genetics, and management of gastric cancer (GC). To reflect those changes, a committee for publishing a second edition of the report was formed within the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists.

A standardized pathology report for gastric cancer: 2nd edition.

The first edition of 'A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer' was initiated by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists and published 17 years ago. Since then, significant advances have been made in the pathologic diagnosis, molecular genetics, and management of gastric cancer (GC). To reflect those changes, a committee for publishing a second edition of the report was formed within the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists.

Prognostic Value of LC3B and p62 Expression in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma.

Autophagy, a mechanism that maintains cellular homeostasis, is involved in tumor cell growth and survival in cancer, and autophagy inhibitors have been tested clinical trials for anticancer therapy. To elucidate the clinical and prognostic implications of autophagy in small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIAC), we assessed the expression of autophagy markers, LC3B and p62, in 171 surgically resected primary SIACs using automated quantitative analysis. Positive LC3B, p62 nuclear (p62), and p62 cytoplasmic (p62) expression was observed in 23 (13.

Standardization of the pathologic diagnosis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms.

Although the understanding of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) and their relationship with disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease have advanced, the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of AMNs are still confusing for pathologists and clinicians. The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists (GPSG-KSP) proposed a multicenter study and held a workshop for the "Standardization of the Pathologic Diagnosis of the Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm" to overcome the controversy and potential conflicts. The present article is focused on the diagnostic criteria, terminologies, tumor grading, pathologic staging, biologic behavior, treatment, and prognosis of AMNs and disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease.

Clinical utility of methionyl-tRNA synthetase 1 immunostaining in cytologic brushings of indeterminate biliary strictures: a multicenter prospective study.

Background And Aims: Endobiliary brushings are routinely used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication of biliary strictures. However, standard Papanicolaou (Pap) staining has a low sensitivity in this setting, and the accuracy of brush cytology has not been established for indeterminate strictures. We therefore evaluated the diagnostic merit of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase 1 (MARS1) immunofluorescence (IF) staining in such cytologic specimens.

A scoring system for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis from liver biopsy.

Background: Liver biopsy is the essential method to diagnose non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but histological features of NASH are too subjective to achieve reproducible diagnoses in early stages of disease. We aimed to identify the key histological features of NASH and devise a scoring model for diagnosis.

Methods: Thirteen pathologists blindly assessed 12 histological factors and final histological diagnoses ('not-NASH,' 'borderline,' and 'NASH') of 31 liver biopsies that were diagnosed as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or NASH before and after consensus.

The use of a 532-nm laser fitted with a balloon and a cylindrical light diffuser to treat benign biliary stricture: a pilot study.

Endoscopic management of benign biliary stricture (BBS) remains challenging. Stenting is currently used for BBS management, but refractory BBS remains problematic. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of a dilation balloon-equipped cylindrical light diffuser for BBS in a large animal model.

Cytomorphologic features of small cell carcinoma of lung in effusion fluid using a liquid-based cytology technique.

Background: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) testing induces morphologic changes due to the use of specific fixatives and preparation techniques, and the cytologies of effusions determined in this manner differ morphologically from those of conventional cytopreparation (CCP) smear methods. We compared the cytologic features of pulmonary small cell carcinoma in effusion fluid using CCP and LBC preparations.

Methods: Fifty-three malignant effusion specimens from 36 patients with small cell carcinoma were examined, including 41 LBCs from 27 patients and 12 CCPs from 9 patients.

Standardized Pathology Report for Colorectal Cancer, 2nd Edition.

The first edition of the 'Standardized Pathology Report for Colorectal Cancer,' which was developed by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group (GIP) of the Korean Society of Pathologists, was published 13 years ago. Meanwhile, there have been many changes in the pathologic diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), pathologic findings included in the pathology report, and immunohistochemical and molecular pathology required for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. In order to reflect these changes, we (GIP) decided to make the second edition of the report.

Intraductal temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation in malignant hilar obstruction: a preliminary study in animals and initial human experience.

Intraductal radiofrequency ablation (ID-RFA) is a recently developed method widely used for treatment of malignant extrahepatic biliary tract obstructions. However, its safety in hilar application has yet to be clearly demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of ID-RFA in the treatment of malignant hilar obstruction.

Combination treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ursodeoxycholic acid dissolves cholesterol gallstones in mice.

The increasing prevalence of cholesterol gallstone disease places an economic burden on the healthcare system. To identify novel therapeutics, we assessed the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in combination with UDCA in a mouse model of cholesterol gallstones. Gallstone dissolution, gallbladder wall thickness, mucin gene expression in the gallbladder, and levels of phospholipids, cholesterol, and bile acids in bile and serum were analysed.

Pancreatic High-Grade Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in the Korean Population: A Multicenter Study.

Purpose: The most recent 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) has refined the three-tiered 2010 scheme by separating grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (G3 PanNETs) from poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs). However, differentiating between G3 Pan- NETs and PanNECs is difficult in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-two surgically resected PanNENs were collected from 16 institutions and reclassified according to the 2017 WHO classification based on the histological features and proliferation index (mitosis and Ki-67).

Inter-observer Reproducibility in the Pathologic Diagnosis of Gastric Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Early Carcinoma in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Specimens: A Multi-center Study.

Purpose: The diagnostic criteria of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) are controversial across the world. We investigated how many discrepancies occur in the pathologic diagnosis of IEN and early gastric carcinoma in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) specimens, and evaluated the reasons of the discordance.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1,202 ESD specimens that were originally diagnosed as gastric IEN and early carcinoma at 12 institutions.

Preventative Effect of Nafamostat Mesilate Infusion into the Main Pancreatic Duct on Post-ERCP Pancreatitis in a Porcine Model: Initial Pilot Study.

Post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (post-ERCP) pancreatitis is not an uncommon adverse event but may not be avoidable. Various pharmacological and endoscopic techniques have been used to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), but most have been ineffective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventative effect of an intrapancreatic duct injection of nafamostat mesilate (NM) on PEP.

An Integrative Data Mining and Omics-Based Translational Model for the Identification and Validation of Oncogenic Biomarkers of Pancreatic Cancer.

Substantial alterations at the multi-omics level of pancreatic cancer (PC) impede the possibility to diagnose and treat patients in early stages. Herein, we conducted an integrative omics-based translational analysis, utilizing next-generation sequencing, transcriptome meta-analysis, and immunohistochemistry, combined with statistical learning, to validate multiplex biomarker candidates for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of PC. Experiment-based validation was conducted and supportive evidence for the essentiality of the candidates in PC were found at gene expression or protein level by practical biochemical methods.

Development of an acute pancreatitis porcine model based on endoscopic retrograde infusion of contrast medium or sodium taurocholate.

Background/aims: A reproducible, endoscope-based, large animal model, of acute pancreatitis was developed to meet the need for a suitable means of preclinically testing treatments. The aim of this study was to develop an endoscope-based animal model of acute pancreatitis.

Methods: This experimental study was conducted on six mini-pigs.

Ciliated muconodular papillary tumor of the lung harboring V600E mutation and p16 overexpression without proliferative activity may represent an example of oncogene-induced senescence.

Ciliated muconodular papillary tumor (CMPT) is a rare peripheral lung tumor that shows puzzling histologic features encompassing metaplastic and neoplastic nature. This type of tumor is occasionally misdiagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma clinically and pathologically, and its pathogenic mechanism has not been well characterized. We experienced a case of CMPT in a 73-year-old male and performed targeted deep sequencing to characterize its molecular features.

Hypoxia-induced microRNA-590-5p promotes colorectal cancer progression by modulating matrix metalloproteinase activity.

Hypoxia leads to cancer progression and promotes the metastatic potential of cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that have emerged as key players involved in cancer development and progression. Hypoxia alters a set of hypoxia-mediated miRNAs expression during tumor development and it may function as oncogenes or tumor-suppressors.

Long-term results of temperature-controlled endobiliary radiofrequency ablation in a normal swine model.

Background And Aims: Endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (EB-RFA) is a new adjunctive method for biliary drainage restoration. However, a concern remains about long-term adverse events of this procedure, such as biliary stricture, perforation, and hemorrhage. Therefore, we aimed to assess the long-term effects of in vivo EB-RFA in a swine model.