Suboptimal Doses of Antimalarials Relative to Increasing Body Weight and the Risk of Recurrence in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces, 2012-2021.

Background: We aimed to analyze the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of malaria caused by among military members of the Republic of Korea (ROK).

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with malaria in 16 military hospitals in the ROK between 2012-2021, excluding other types of malaria, as well as imported cases and those treated in civilian hospitals.

Results: In total, 653 patients were treated for malaria.

Association between weight changes and infective endocarditis in patients with diabetes: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Backgrounds: The association between weight change in patients with diabetes, and the development of infective endocarditis (IE) has never been studied. Therefore, we evaluated the associations of weight changes in patients with diabetes with the development of IE.

Methods: In this Korean population-based cohort study, we included patients with diabetes aged ≥20 years who underwent health screenings twice in a 2-year interval between 2009 and 2012.

Effect of physical activity on risk reduction of infective endocarditis among patients with diabetes: a nationwide cohort study.

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at a higher risk of infectious diseases, and exercise is an important treatment modality for DM. Despite their susceptibility to infection in diabetic patients, the association between the amount of physical activity and the incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) is unclear. We attempted to demonstrate risk reduction by physical activity in diabetic patients with IE.

Development of a malaria model for evaluating the effects of control strategies on the malaria burden in Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Background: malaria has been one of the most troublesome diseases in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Given that a majority of malaria cases are concentrated near the demilitarized zone, concerted elimination efforts from both the Republic of Korea (ROK) and DPRK are essential for a malaria-free Korean Peninsula. This study assessed the impact of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and tafenoquine on malaria incidence in DPRK.

Antiretroviral Therapy during Long-term Surgical Care: 'Exploring Difficult Cases in HIV Clinics' of the Korean Society for AIDS Conference in 2023.

With advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), the average lifespan of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing, as is the number of older adults with HIV. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV who undergo surgery or require critical care for various reasons is increasing. Since the prognosis of people with HIV depends on the continuous and effective maintenance of ART, there is a need to consider effectively maintaining ART in people with HIV in these conditions.

Hepatitis B Reactivation and Vaccination Effectiveness after Solid Organ Transplantation: A Matched Case-Control Study.

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at significant risk of hepatitis B (HB) virus (HBV) reactivation (HBVr). Despite the clinical significance of HBVr after solid organ transplantation, data on the risk factors for HBVr and vaccine effectiveness in SOT recipients with resolved HBV infection are limited. This study evaluated the risk factors for HBVr and the seroconversion rates after HBV vaccination in SOT recipients.

*05:01 and *11:01 Is Associated with Adverse Drug Reactions to Isoniazid and Rifampin for Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in South Korea.

Screening and treating healthcare workers (HCWs) for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are essential for tuberculosis (TB) infection control. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to anti-TB drugs present challenges to patient safety and treatment completion. This study investigated the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and the risk of ADRs, especially drug hypersensitivity (DHS) and hepatotoxicity, in HCWs with LTBI receiving isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) therapy.

Fine-Scale Spatial Prediction on the Risk of Infection in the Republic of Korea.

Background: Malaria elimination strategies in the Republic of Korea (ROK) have decreased malaria incidence but face challenges due to delayed case detection and response. To improve this, machine learning models for predicting malaria, focusing on high-risk areas, have been developed.

Methods: The study targeted the northern region of ROK, near the demilitarized zone, using a 1-km grid to identify areas for prediction.

Correction: Increasing Fusobacterium infections with Fusobacterium varium, an emerging pathogen.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for right-sided infective endocarditis in Korea: a 12-year retrospective cohort study.

Right-sided infective endocarditis (RSIE) is less common than left-sided infective endocarditis (LSIE) and exhibits distinct epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics. Previous studies have focused primarily on RSIE in patients with intravenous drug use. We investigated the characteristics and risk factors for RSIE in an area where intravenous drug use is uncommon.

Carbapenem-resistant Outbreak in a COVID-19 Isolation Ward and Successful Outbreak Control with Infection Control Measures.

Background: Even amid the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and infection control are still important tasks. After recognizing the carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) outbreak that occurred in the isolation room for COVID-19, we would like to introduce what infection control measures were implemented to eradicate it.

Materials And Methods: All COVID-19 patients with CRAB in any specimen admitted to the COVID-19 isolation ward of the tertiary hospital in Korea from October to November 2021 were analyzed.

The obesity paradox in younger adult patients with sepsis: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.

Background: The obesity paradox suggests that individuals with obesity may have a survival advantage against specific critical illnesses, including sepsis. However, whether this paradox occurs at younger ages remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether obesity could improve survival in younger adult patients with sepsis.

Prediction of effectiveness of universal rotavirus vaccination in Southwestern Vietnam based on a dynamic mathematical model.

Vaccinating young children against rotavirus (RV) is a promising preventive strategy against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). We evaluated the relative risk reduction of RVGE induced by universal vaccination in Vietnam through dynamic model analysis. We developed an age-stratified dynamic Vaccinated-Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible model to analyze RV transmission and assess vaccine effectiveness (VE).

Changes in tuberculosis risk after transplantation in the setting of decreased community tuberculosis incidence: a national population-based study, 2008-2020.

Background: Transplant recipients are immunocompromised and vulnerable to developing tuberculosis. However, active tuberculosis incidence is rapidly declining in South Korea, but the trend of tuberculosis infection among transplant recipients has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of active tuberculosis after transplantation, including risk factors for tuberculosis and standardized incidence ratios, compared with that in the general population.

Correction: Clinical efficacy and safety of interferon (Type I and Type III) therapy in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Frequency and Risk Factor Analysis for Metronidazole-Associated Neurologic Adverse Events.

Background: Little is known about the risk factors and frequency of metronidazole-associated neurological adverse events.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors and frequency of metronidazole-associated neurological adverse events.

Design: This retrospective study contained two parts.

Trends, clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and outcomes of Campylobacter bacteraemia: a multicentre retrospective study.

Purpose: We aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of Campylobacter bacteraemia and identify the trends, risk factors for mortality, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from clinical samples.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients confirmed to have Campylobacter bacteraemia from seven hospitals between January 2010 and June 2021. Data on demographics and underlying history, clinical manifestation, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were collected and analyzed.

DECIPHERING GUT MICROBIOTA IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK.

Introduction: Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with susceptibility to sepsis and poor outcomes. However, changes to the intestinal microbiota during sepsis and their value as biomarkers are unclear. In this study, we compared the intestinal microbiota of patients with sepsis and healthy controls.