Clinical Effectiveness of Monocanalicular Silicone Intubation for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Under Nasal Endoscopic Visualization of the Terminal End of the Obstructed Nasolacrimal Duct.

Purpose: To evaluate the cause of nasolacrimal duct obstruction through confirmation by nasal endoscopic findings of Hasner's valve and to report the success rate of monocanalicular silicone intubation (MCI) for the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).

Methods: Seventy-seven eyes of 56 patients with CNLDO underwent MCI under nasal endoscopic visualization of the terminal end of the obstructed nasolacrimal duct at the Korea University Ansan Hospital and Guro Hospital from October 2008 to March 2013. The following demographic information was analyzed: age, sex, endoscopic findings of Hasner's valve during operation, complications, and outcomes.

Analysis of lid contour change with aging in Asians by measuring midpupil lid distance.

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the upper eyelid contour of normal adults and differences of these contour according to sex and age in Asians using a software program that measures multiple radial midpupil lid distance.

Methods: Conventional and 12 oblique midpupil lid distances every 15 degrees across the temporal (105, 120, 135, 150, 165, and 180 degrees) and nasal (75, 60, 45, 30, 15, and 0 degrees) fields of the lid fissure of 360 healthy Korean subjects older than 20 years and younger than 80 years in both sexes (30 subjects in each group) were measured using custom software. Midpupil lid distances and angles of the medial and lateral canthal ends were also analyzed, and the palpebral fissure inclination was measured.

How to reliably determine the complex refractive index (RI) of graphene by using two independent measurement constraints.

Reliable determination of the complex refractive index (RI) of graphene inherently requires two independent measurement realizations for two independent unknowns of the real (nG) and imaginary (kG) components, i.e., RI = nG + i kG.

A simple method to shorten the unfolding time of prehydrated hydrophobic intraocular lens.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of warm ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) on the unfolding time of prehydrated hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Design: Experimental study and human trial.

Participants: Three foldable hydrophobic acrylic IOLs (enVista MX60, AcrySof SN60AT, and Tecnis 1 ZCB00).

Clinical Characteristics and Effectiveness of the Lateral Tarsal Strip and Medial Spindle Procedure.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical characteristics and efficacy of the lateral tarsal strip (TS) and medial spindle procedure (MS). We conducted a retrospective chart review of the patients who underwent TS and MS between September 2008 and July 2011 by a single surgeon (S.H.

Association of facial asymmetry and nasal septal deviation in acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction in East Asians.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of facial asymmetry and nasal septal deviation in acquired unilateral nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction.

Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted of 39 patients (6 male and 33 female) who had undergone endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy at the Korea University Ansan Hospital. Patients with trauma to the orbit or any known lacrimal duct disease were excluded.

Computed tomographic dimensions of the lacrimal gland in healthy orbits.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the normal range of the dimensions of lacrimal glands in the healthy orbits of Korean subjects and to evaluate their association with clinical findings.

Methods: A retrospective survey of patients who had visited the Korea University Medical Center and had undergone orbital computed tomographic scan was performed. One hundred eighty Korean patients (90 men and 90 women) who were older than 20 years and without orbital disease were included.

How to optically count graphene layers.

The total thickness of a graphene sample depends upon the number of individually stacked graphene layers. The corresponding surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflectance alters the SPR angle, depending on the number of graphene layers. Thus, the correlation between the SPR angle shift and the number of graphene layers allows for a nonintrusive, real-time, and reliable counting of graphene layers.

Quantitative thermopower profiling across a silicon p-n junction with nanometer resolution.

Thermopower (S) profiling with nanometer resolution is essential for enhancing the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, through the nanostructuring of materials and for carrier density profiling in nanoelectronic devices. However, only qualitative and impractical methods or techniques with low resolutions have been reported thus far. Herein, we develop a quantitative S profiling method with nanometer resolution, scanning Seebeck microscopy (SSM), and batch-fabricate diamond thermocouple probes to apply SSM to silicon, which requires a contact stress higher than 10 GPa for stable electrical contact.

Quantitative measurement with scanning thermal microscope by preventing the distortion due to the heat transfer through the air.

Because of its high spatial resolution, scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) has been developed quite actively and applied in such diverse areas as microelectronics, optoelectronics, polymers, and carbon nanotubes for more than a decade since the 1990s. However, despite its long history and diverse areas of application, surprisingly, no quantitative profiling method has been established yet. This is mostly due to the nonlocal nature of measurement by conventional SThM: the signal measured by SThM is induced not only from the local heat flux through the tip-sample thermal contact but also (and mostly) from the heat flux through the air gap between the sample and the SThM probe.

A new heat propagation velocity prevails over Brownian particle velocities in determining the thermal conductivities of nanofluids.

An alternative insight is presented concerning heat propagation velocity scales in predicting the effective thermal conductivities of nanofluids. The widely applied Brownian particle velocities in published literature are often found too slow to describe the relatively higher nanofluid conductivities. In contrast, the present model proposes a faster heat transfer velocity at the same order as the speed of sound, rooted in a modified kinetic principle.

Nanoscale range finding of subsurface structures by measuring the absolute phase lag of thermal wave.

The need for a subsurface imaging technique to locate and characterize subsurface defects in multidimensional micro- and nanoengineered devices has been growing rapidly. We show that a subsurface heater can be located accurately using the phase lag of a thermal wave. We deduce that the absolute phase lag is composed of four components.

Transient thermal conductivity and colloidal stability measurements of nanofluids by using the 3omega method.

Nanofluid is a mixture of nanoscale particles of metal, metal oxide or carbon nanotube and heat transfer fluids such as water and ethylene glycol. This work presents the application of the 3-omega (3omega) method for measuring the colloidal stability and the transient thermal conductivity of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles suspended in water or ethylene glycol. The microfabricated 3omega device is verified by comparing the measured thermal conductivities of pure fluids with the table values.

Electron-phonon interaction model and prediction of thermal energy transport in SOI transistor.

An electron-phonon interaction model is proposed and applied to thermal transport in semiconductors at micro/nanoscales. The high electron energy induced by the electric field in a transistor is transferred to the phonon system through electron-phonon interaction in the high field region of the transistor. Due to this fact, a hot spot occurs, which is much smaller than the phonon mean free path in the Si-layer.

Method for calculating the heat and momentum fluxes of inhomogeneous fluids.

We present a method for calculating the heat and momentum fluxes of general fluids away from equilibrium. Our method is capable of resolving strongly inhomogeneous nonequilibrium flows, and applicable to three-dimensional problems. Our flux expressions correspond to the flux definitions originally suggested by J.