Masticatory Function, Sex, and Risk of Dementia Among Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: A decline in masticatory function may indicate brain dysfunction related to dementia, but the relationship between masticatory function and dementia risk remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether masticatory function is associated with the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

Methods: Data were obtained from the nationwide prospective cohort study of randomly sampled community-dwelling Koreans aged ≥ 60 years.

The Different Associations of White Matter Hyperintensities With Severity of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment According to the Distance From the Lateral Ventricular Surface in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease.

Objective: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are common among the elderly. Although WMH play a key role in lowering the threshold for the clinical expression of dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology, the clinical significance of their location is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between WMH and cognitive function according to the location of WMH in AD.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Hollow Nanoparticles via Anodic Transformation of Metastable Core-Shell Precursors.

Recent advances in electrosynthesis of nanomaterials expanded structural and compositional variations accessible by the electrochemical method; however, reliably synthesizable morphological variety fall shy of that available by conventional solvothermal synthesis. In this communication, electrochemical preparation of surfactant-free hollow nanoparticles is demonstrated. By anodic conversion of core-shell precursors with metastable cores, hollowed nickel nanoparticles with uniform dimensions were synthesized and characterized.

Porphyran Attenuates Neuronal Loss in the Hippocampal CA1 Subregion Induced by Ischemia and Reperfusion in Gerbils by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Neuroinflammation.

Porphyran, a sulfated polysaccharide found in various species of marine red algae, has been demonstrated to exhibit diverse bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the protective effects of porphyran against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the neuroprotective effects of porphyran against brain IR injury and its underlying mechanisms using a gerbil model of transient forebrain ischemia (IR in the forebrain), which results in pyramidal cell (principal neuron) loss in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) subregion of the hippocampus on day 4 after IR.

Neuroprotective Effects of Aucubin against Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia Injury through the Inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB Inflammatory Signaling Pathway in Gerbils.

Aucubin, an iridoid glycoside, possesses beneficial bioactivities in many diseases, but little is known about its neuroprotective effects and mechanisms in brain ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. This study evaluated whether aucubin exhibited neuroprotective effects against IR injury in the hippocampal CA1 region through anti-inflammatory activity in gerbils. Aucubin (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once a day for one week prior to IR.

Association of Depression With the Progression of Multimorbidity in Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: The relationship between depression and the risk of multimorbidity progression has rarely been studied in older adults. This study was aimed to determine whether depression is associated with progression in the severity and complexity of multimorbidity, considering the influence of depression's severity and subtype.

Methods: As a part of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia, this population-based cohort study followed a random sample of community-dwelling Koreans aged 60 and older for 8 years at 2-year intervals starting in 2010.

Local Heating Induced Single-Crystalline Phase Control in Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanomaterials.

Development of synthetic strategies selectively yielding single crystals is desired owing to the facet-dependent chemical reactivities. Recent advances in electrochemical materials synthesis yielded nanomaterials that are surfactant-free, however, typically in polycrystalline forms. In this work, an electrochemical synthetic strategy selectively yielding single-crystalline nanoparticles by implementation of surface-selective heating of the working electrode is developed.

Expansion Injection Molding Process Using Clamping Force for Melt Compression.

Melt expansion followed by compression has been utilized for high-speed filling. In general, this technology was developed for a machine level. Recently, mold-level technology has been tried.

Association Between Executive Dysfunction-Related Activities of Daily Living Disability and Clinical Dementia Rating Domain Patterns in Patients With Vascular Dementia and Age-Matched Patients With Alzheimer's Dementia.

Objective: Although the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale was originally developed to stage Alzheimer's dementia (AD), it is now used globally for various types of dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristic pattern of CDR domains and its association with neuropsychological findings and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with vascular dementia (VaD) and patients with AD.

Methods: We recruited very mild to mild VaD and AD patients who were age-matched among the first visitors to a dementia clinic.

Textural and Volumetric Changes of the Temporal Lobes in Semantic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Texture analysis may capture subtle changes in the gray matter more sensitively than volumetric analysis. We aimed to investigate the patterns of neurodegeneration in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) by comparing the temporal gray matter texture and volume between cognitively normal controls and older adults with svPPA and AD.

Methods: We enrolled all participants from three university hospitals in Korea.

A Preliminary Study on the Potential Protective Role of the Antioxidative Stress Markers of Cognitive Impairment: Glutathione and Glutathione Reductase.

Objective: : To investigate the relationship between reduced glutathione (GSH), a key molecule of the antioxidant defense system in the blood, and glutathione reductase (GR), which reduces oxidized glutathione (glutathione disulfide [GSSG]) to GSH and maintains the redox balance, with the prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia and cognitive decline.

Methods: : In all, 20 participants with Alzheimer's dementia who completed the third follow-up clinical evaluation over 6 years were selected, and 20 participants with normal cognition were selected after age and sex matching. The GSH and GR concentrations were the independent variables.

What is the impact of one's chronic illness on his or her spouse's future chronic illness: a community-based prospective cohort study.

Background: Integrating a joint approach to chronic disease management within the context of a couple has immense potential as a valuable strategy for both prevention and treatment. Although spousal concordance has been reported in specific chronic illnesses, the impact they cumulatively exert on a spouse in a longitudinal setting has not been investigated. We aimed to determine whether one's cumulative illness burden has a longitudinal impact on that of their spouse.

Laboratory evolution, transcriptomics, and modeling reveal mechanisms of paraquat tolerance.

Relationships between the genome, transcriptome, and metabolome underlie all evolved phenotypes. However, it has proved difficult to elucidate these relationships because of the high number of variables measured. A recently developed data analytic method for characterizing the transcriptome can simplify interpretation by grouping genes into independently modulated sets (iModulons).

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study.

Background: There are growing concerns about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of older adults. We examined the effect of the pandemic on the risk of depression in older adults.

Methods: We analyzed data from the prospective cohort study of Korean older adults, which has been followed every 2 years.

Aucubin Exerts Neuroprotection against Forebrain Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Gerbils through Antioxidative and Neurotrophic Effects.

Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside that displays various pharmacological actions including antioxidant activity. However, there are few reports available on the neuroprotective effects of aucubin against ischemic brain injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether aucubin protected against damage to hippocampal function induced by forebrain ischemia-reperfusion injury (fIRI) in gerbils, and to examine whether aucubin produced neuroprotection in the hippocampus against fIRI and to explore its mechanisms by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and Western analysis.

Shared Risk Factors for Depressive Disorder Among Older Adult Couples in Korea.

Importance: Although couples may share many risk factors for depressive disorders in their lifetime, whether these factors mediate the shared risk of depressive disorders has rarely been investigated.

Objectives: To identify the shared risk factors for depressive disorder in couples and investigate their mediating roles in the shared risk of depressive disorders among older adult couples.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide, multicenter, community-based cohort study assessed 956 older adults from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD) and a cohort of their spouses (KLOSCAD-S) between January 1, 2019, to February 28, 2021.

Therapeutic Treatment with Pycnogenol Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury in Gerbils Focusing on Cognitive Impairment, Neuronal Death, BBB Leakage and Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus.

Background: A gerbil model of ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury in the forebrain has been developed for studies on mechanisms, prevention and therapeutic strategies of IR injury in the forebrain. Pycnogenol® (PYC), a standardized extract of French maritime pine tree ( Aiton) has been exploited as an additive for dietary supplement. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of post-treatment with PYC and its therapeutic mechanisms in gerbils.

Risperidone Administration Attenuates Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury following Cardiac Arrest by Antiinflammatory Effects in Rats.

Multi-organ dysfunction following cardiac arrest is associated with poor outcome as well as high mortality. The kidney, one of major organs in the body, is susceptible to ischemia and reperfusion; however, there are few studies on renal ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) following the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, has been discovered to have some beneficial effects beyond its original effectiveness.

Therapeutic Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Attenuates Hindlimb Paralysis and Damage of Spinal Motor Neurons and Astrocytes through Modulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Rats.

Cardiac arrest (CA) and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), a global ischemia and reperfusion event, lead to neuronal damage and/or death in the spinal cord as well as the brain. Hypothermic therapy is reported to protect neurons from damage and improve hindlimb paralysis after resuscitation in a rat model of CA induced by asphyxia. In this study, we investigated roles of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the lumbar spinal cord protected by therapeutic hypothermia in a rat model of asphyxial CA.

Evidence of risky driving in Korean older adults: A longitudinal cohort.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the risk factors for dangerous driving between older adults with normal cognition and those with cognitive impairment.

Design: The driving risk questionnaire (DRQ) that was applied to a community-dwelling older adult cohort and 2 years of accident/violation records from the National Police Agency were analyzed. We conducted regression analyses with the presence or absence of risky driving based on records (accidents + violations) 2 years before and after evaluation as a dependent variable and dichotomized scores of each risky driving factor as independent variables.

Translucency and masking ability of translucent zirconia; comparison with conventional zirconia and lithium disilicate.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate translucency and masking ability of translucent zirconia compared to conventional zirconia and lithium disilicate materials.

Materials And Methods: Three types of zirconia blocks with different yttria contents (3Y, 4Y, 5.5Y) and LS blocks (Rosetta SM) were used.