Effects on Goat Meat Extracts on α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity, Expression of Bcl-2-Associated X (BAX), p53, and p21 in Cell Line and Expression of Atrogin-1, Muscle Atrophy F-Box (MAFbx), Muscle RING-Finger Protein-1 (MuRF-1), and Myosin Heavy Chain-7 (MYH-7) in C2C12 Myoblsts.

This study examined the α-glucosidase inhibitory, and apoptosis- and anti-muscular-related factors of goat meat extracts from forelegs, hind legs, loin, and ribs. The goat meat extracts were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The gene and protein expression levels of (), , and were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting in AGS and HT-29 cells.

Design of an artificial transcriptional system for production of high levels of recombinant proteins in tobacco ().

Plants have recently received much attention as a means of producing recombinant proteins because they are easy to grow at a low cost and at a large scale. Although many plant protein expression systems have been developed, there remains a need for improved systems that deliver high yields of recombinant proteins. Transcription of the recombinant gene is a key step in increasing the yield of recombinant proteins.

Production of active Exendin-4 in and its application in treatment of type-2 diabetics.

GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) is a peptide that stimulates insulin secretion from the β-cell for glycemic control of the plasma blood glucose level. Its mimetic exenatide (synthetic Exendin-4) with a longer half-life of approximately 3.3-4 h is widely used in clinical application to treat diabetes.

Arabidopsis ABCG27 plays an essential role in flower and leaf development by modulating abscisic acid content.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that mediates stress responses and regulates plant development. Several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the G subfamily of ABC (ABCG) proteins have been reported to transport ABA. We investigated whether there are any other ABCG proteins that mediate plant developmental processes regulated by ABA in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

ABA Transport Assay in Plant Single-Cell System.

Compare with long history of the abscisic acid (ABA) study, our knowledge of ABA transporters is quite recent. This is due to at least one reason: ABA is a weak acid, and thus, it exists in either protonated form or in anionic form depending on the surrounding pH relative to its pK value. Because the protonated form of ABA can permeate the cell membrane, it would foreclose a specific uptake transporter of ABA.

High Prevalence of in Smoked Duck: Antibiotic and Heat Resistance, Virulence, and Genetics of the Isolates.

This study aimed at determining the genetic and virulence characteristics of the from smoked ducks. was isolated by plating, and the isolated colonies were identified by PCR. All the obtained seven isolates possessed the virulence genes (A, B, B, and A) and a 385 bp A amplicon.

SMFM2017-NK4 Isolated from Kimchi Can Prevent Obesity by Inhibiting Fat Accumulation.

This study evaluated the anti-obesity effects of lactic acid bacteria. Thirty-one lactic acid bacteria were examined in vitro for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase activity, lipase activity, and 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. Four selected lactic acid bacteria were administered to obese C57BL/6J mice models for 8 weeks.

Development of a Selective Agar for Improving Campylobacter jejuni Detection in Food.

Background: Campylobacter jejuni is a major gastroenteritis-causing foodborne pathogen. However, it is difficult to isolate when competing bacteria or cold-damaged cells are present.

Objective: Herein, a medium (Campylobacter selective agar, CSA) was developed and supplemented with catalase, L-serine, L-cysteine, and quercetin for the selective detection of C.

Identification of Pathogenic Variations in Seafood Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates by Comparing Genome Sequences.

Abstract: An investigation of the pathogenic characteristics of isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was conducted by identifying the pathogenic tdh gene and then performing adherence and cytotoxicity assays. Genome sequences of the seafood isolates were analyzed using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The isolated strains were then mapped by comparing the genomes to the reference genome, and variations in the nucleotide sequences and amino acids were identified with the CLC Genomics Workbench program.

Synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots to destroy bacteria competing with Campylobacter jejuni in enrichment medium, and development of a monoclonal antibody to detect C. jejuni after enrichment.

The objective of this study was to develop a method with improved sensitivity for Campylobacter jejuni detection in foods. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (N-CNDs) were synthesized and added to an enrichment medium (Bolton broth) at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. A light-emitting diode (LED) at a wavelength of 425 nm was used to irradiate the N-CNDs-supplemented enrichment medium to induce an exothermic reaction for 1 h.

Influence of milk microbiota on survival during cheese ripening.

This study aimed to compare the three strains of survival in raw milk cheese and pasteurized milk cheese and to suggest the effect of milk microbiota on survival. cell counts decreased in all cheese as ripening time increased, and the survival rate was different for the strains of . Furthermore, survived longer in raw milk cheese than in pasteurized milk cheese.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Peptide Derived from the Synbiotics, Fermented with , on Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of peptides derived from synbiotics on improving inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were administered with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) via drinking water for seven days to induce IBD (IBD group). The mice in the IBD group were orally administered with PBS (IBD-PBS-positive control), 505 (IBD-Pro), fermented powder of CT extract with 505 (IBD-Syn), -casein: LSQSKVLPVPQKAVPYPQRDMP (IBD-Pep 1), or -casein: VYQHQKAMKPWIQPKTKVIPYVRYL (IBD-Pep 2) (both peptides are present in the synbiotics) for four more days while inducing IBD.

Quantitative microbial risk assessment for foodborne illness following consumption of kimchi in South Korea.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a risk assessment for foodborne illness via kimchi consumption in South Korea. Prevalence of in kimchi, kimchi consumption amount and frequency, and distribution conditions (time and temperature) from manufacture to the home were determined. initial contamination level was estimated using Beta distribution [Beta (6, 79)].

Combined Enrichment and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction to Improve Sensitivity and Reduce Time of Detection of in Mushrooms.

This study evaluated a combined method for the detection of in mushrooms, involving enrichment and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), to improve sensitivity and reduce detection time. The growth was evaluated in enrichment broth (LEB) with modified carbon and nitrogen sources, increasing sodium concentrations, and added micronutrients. Primers targeting the (1 2), (1-6), and (1-4) genes were developed and their sensitivity and specificity were evaluated.

Filling the Gap: Functional Clustering of ABC Proteins for the Investigation of Hormonal Transport .

Plant hormones regulate a myriad of plant processes, from seed germination to reproduction, from complex organ development to microelement uptake. Much has been discovered on the factors regulating the activity of phytohormones, yet there are gaps in knowledge about their metabolism, signaling as well as transport. In this review we analyze the potential of the characterized phytohormonal transporters belonging to the ATP-Binding Cassette family (ABC proteins), thus to identify new candidate orthologs in model plants and species important for human health and food production.

Abscisic acid is a substrate of the ABC transporter encoded by the durable wheat disease resistance gene Lr34.

The wheat Lr34res allele, coding for an ATP-binding cassette transporter, confers durable resistance against multiple fungal pathogens. The Lr34sus allele, differing from Lr34res by two critical nucleotide polymorphisms, is found in susceptible wheat cultivars. Lr34res is functionally transferrable as a transgene into all major cereals, including rice, barley, maize, and sorghum.

Bone regeneration using three-dimensional hexahedron channel structured BCP block in rabbit calvarial defects.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of bone regeneration and volume maintenance of the three-dimensional (3D) structured biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) block with porous hexahedron channels in a rabbit calvarial model. In this work, four circular defects (diameter: 8 mm) in calvarium of rabbits were randomly assigned to (1) negative control (control), (2) 3D hexahedron channel structured BCP block, (3) deproteinized bovine bone mineral particle, and (4) deproteinized porcine bone mineral particle. Animals were euthanized at 2 (n = 5) and 8 weeks (n = 5).

Biomimetic characteristics of mussel adhesive protein-loaded collagen membrane in guided bone regeneration of rabbit calvarial defects.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and barrier function of mussel adhesive protein (MAP)-loaded collagen membranes in guided bone regeneration (GBR).

Methods: Eight male New Zealand white rabbits were used. Four circular defects (diameter: 8 mm) were created in the calvarium of each animal.

3D-printed polycaprolactone scaffold mixed with β-tricalcium phosphate as a bone regenerative material in rabbit calvarial defects.

Defect-specific bone regeneration using 3-dimensional (3D) printing of block bone has been developed. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is biocompatible polymer that can be used as 3D scaffold. The aim of this study is to assess the biocompatibility and osteogenic efficacy of 3D printed PCL scaffold and to evaluate the effectiveness of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) addition in PCL scaffold.

Arabidopsis thaliana Raf22 protein kinase maintains growth capacity during postgerminative growth arrest under stress.

When seeds are exposed to drought and salinity during germination, newly germinated embryos stop growth and enter a quiescent state called postgerminative growth (PGG) arrest. PGG arrest protects embryos from the stress, but it is not known how PGG is restored from the arrest when stress is eased. In this study, we show that under stress- or abscisic acid-induced PGG arrest conditions, Arabidopsis thaliana Raf-type protein kinase 22 (AtRaf22) overexpression accelerated photoautotrophic seedling establishment, whereas atraf22 knockout mutations enhanced the arrest.

Cytokinin Transporters: GO and STOP in Signaling.

Cytokinins are phytohormones essential for cytokinesis and many other physiological and developmental processes in planta. Long-distance transport and intercellular transport have been postulated. For these processes, the existence of cytokinin transporters has been suggested.

Postmeiotic development of pollen surface layers requires two Arabidopsis ABCG-type transporters.

Two Arabidopsis ABC transporters, ABCG1 and ABCG16, are expressed in the tapetal layer, specifically after postmeiotic microspore release, and play important roles in pollen surface development. The male gametophytic cells of terrestrial plants, the pollen grains, travel far before fertilization, and thus require strong protective layers, which take the form of a pollen coat and a pollen wall. The protective surface structures are generated by the tapetum, the tissue surrounding the developing gametophytes.

The role of ABCG-type ABC transporters in phytohormone transport.

Plant hormones (phytohormones) integrate endogenous and exogenous signals thus synchronizing plant growth with environmental and developmental changes. Similar to animals, phytohormones have distinct source and target tissues, hence controlled transport and focused targeting are required for their functions. Many evidences accumulated in the last years about the regulation of long-distance and directional transport of phytohormones.

Abscisic acid transporters cooperate to control seed germination.

Seed germination is a key developmental process that has to be tightly controlled to avoid germination under unfavourable conditions. Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential repressor of seed germination. In Arabidopsis, it has been shown that the endosperm, a single cell layer surrounding the embryo, synthesizes and continuously releases ABA towards the embryo.

γ-Irradiated cancer cells promote tumor growth by activation of Toll-like receptor 1-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages.

RT is commonly used to treat malignant tumors. However, tumor regrowth is a major limitation to RT as an antitumor treatment. In the present study, we investigated the tumor-promoting effects of high-dose (or ablative) RT treatments on tumor-bearing mice.