Electronic intrapartum fetal monitoring: a systematic review of international clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Electronic fetal monitoring or fetal assessment using a cardiotocograph is currently the most commonly employed tool for intrapartum surveillance. Furthermore, there are numerous guidelines informing best practice worldwide.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to compare and appraise all available practice guidelines on intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring to describe the similarities and variations in recommendations.

Metformin or insulin: logical treatment in women with gestational diabetes in the Middle East, our experience.

Objective: The debate still continues about the preferred modality of treatment of gestational diabetes requiring pharmacological treatment. Insulin was previously considered as the gold standard, but the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence now recommend metformin as the first line drug of choice. The pharmacological management of gestational diabetes mellitus in the Middle East with its high risk population has not been widely published.