Oligohydramnios affects pulmonary functional/structural abnormalities in school-aged children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Background: The relationship between early life factors and childhood pulmonary function and structure in preterm infants remains unclear.

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and perinatal factors on childhood pulmonary function and structure.

Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included preterm participants aged ≥5 years born between 2005 and 2015.

Prediction of Postnatal Growth Failure in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Using a Machine Learning Model.

Accurate prediction of postnatal growth failure (PGF) can be beneficial for early intervention and prevention. We aimed to develop a machine learning model to predict PGF at discharge among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants using extreme gradient boosting. A total of 729 VLBW infants, born between 2013 and 2017 in four hospitals, were included.

Application of Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Postnatal Growth Failure in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Purpose: The aims of the study were to develop and evaluate a machine learning model with which to predict postnatal growth failure (PGF) among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Materials And Methods: Of 10425 VLBW infants registered in the Korean Neonatal Network between 2013 and 2017, 7954 infants were included. PGF was defined as a decrease in Z score >1.

Growth Pattern With Morbidities From Birth to 5 Years of Age in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Comparison of the Korean National Network and National Health Insurance Service.

Background: Long-term growth data of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are currently collected in the Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) and National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. However, variance in the number of infants, check-up time, and check-up parameters led to decreased credibility of cumulated data. We aimed to compare the data on serial growth outcomes by major morbidities from birth to 5 years in VLBW infants between the KNN and NHIS databases.

Growth patterns of preterm infants in Korea.

With advancements in neonatal care and nutrition, the postnatal growth of preterm infants has improved; however, it remains an issue. Accurate assessments of growth using a standardized reference are needed to interpret the intrauterine and postnatal growth patterns of preterm infants. Growth in the earlier periods of life can contribute to later outcomes, and the refinement of postnatal growth failure is needed to optimize outcomes.

Epidemiology of Macrosomia in Korea: Growth and Development.

Background: Macrosomia, as an infant with birth weight over 4 kg, can have several perinatal, and neonatal complications. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of macrosomia in Korea and to identify the growth and developmental outcomes and other neonatal complications.

Methods: In total, 397,203 infants who were born in 2013 with birth weight ≥ 2.

Growth failure of very low birth weight infants during the first 3 years: A Korean neonatal network.

We aimed to evaluate risk factors for growth failure in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at 18-24 months of corrected age (follow-up1, FU1) and at 36 months of age (follow-up2, FU2). In this prospective cohort study, a total of 2,943 VLBW infants from the Korean Neonatal Network between 2013 and 2015 finished follow-up at FU1. Growth failure was defined as a z-score below -1.

Epidemiological changes in cytomegalovirus end-organ diseases in a developed country: A nationwide, general-population-based study.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause tissue-invasive diseases in various organs after primary infection or through reactivation of latent-to-lytic switch over a lifetime. The number of individuals who are at risk of CMV diseases, such as elderly or immunocompromised patients, is constantly increasing; however, recent epidemiological changes associated with CMV disease have not been fully evaluated.

Methods: We used claims data of about 50 million individuals between 2010 and 2015 from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service nationwide database.

Patent ductus arteriosus treatment trends and associated morbidities in neonates.

To evaluate national epidemiologic data on infants treated for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in Korea and analyze outcomes associated with different PDA treatments. We retrospectively evaluated data on 12,336 patients diagnosed with PDA (International Classification of Diseases-10 code: Q250) between 2015 and 2018 from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Among them, 1623 patients underwent surgical ligation (code: O1671).

Impact of neonatal resuscitation changes on outcomes of very-low-birth-weight infants.

The improvement of delivery room care, according to the 2015 International Consensus, may affect neonatal outcome, especially in very-low-birth-weight infants. We aimed to investigate the current practice of neonatal resuscitation by year and analyze the association with neonatal outcomes. A total of 8142 very-low-birth-weight infants, registered in the Korean Neonatal Network between 2014 and 2017 were included.

Identification of Growth Patterns in Low Birth Weight Infants from Birth to 5 Years of Age: Nationwide Korean Cohort Study.

This study aimed to investigate the nationwide growth pattern of infants in Korea according to the birth-weight group and to analyze the effect of growth on development. A total of 430,541 infants, born in 2013 and who received the infant health check-up regularly from 6 months to 60 months of age, were included. The weight, height, head circumferences percentiles, and neurodevelopment using screening tests results were compared among the birth-weight groups.

Outcomes of infants born to pregnant women with syphilis: a nationwide study in Korea.

Background: Despite the expansion of antenatal syphilis screening programs, congenital syphilis (CS) remains a concern.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the manifestation and progress of CS, including treatment and follow-up, based on a nationwide study.

Methods: From the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, a total of 548 infants were examined for CS during their first year of life from 2013 to 2018.

Pulmonary Surfactant Replacement Therapy for Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Neonates: a Nationwide Epidemiological Study in Korea.

Background: Pulmonary surfactant (PS) replacement therapy, as a safe and effective treatment for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) may have further increased with the extended insurance coverage since 2011 in Korea. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic data of PS replacement therapy for RDS in Korea and to analyze the complications associated with RDS.

Methods: We included 19,442 infants who were treated with PS and diagnosed with RDS (International Classification of Diseases-10 codes: P22.

Cellular Response of Ventricular-Subventricular Neural Progenitor/Stem Cells to Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury and Their Enhanced Neurogenesis.

Purpose: To elucidate the brain's intrinsic response to injury, we tracked the response of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) located in ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI). We also evaluated whether transduction of V-SVZ NSPCs with neurogenic factor could enhance their neurogenesis in HI.

Materials And Methods: Unilateral HI was induced in ICR neonatal mice.

Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor-overexpressing Human Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Enhance Therapeutic Efficiency in Rat with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes axonal damage and demyelination, neural cell death, and comprehensive tissue loss, resulting in devastating neurological dysfunction. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPCs) transplantation provides therapeutic benefits for neural repair in SCI, and glial cell linederived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been uncovered to have capability of stimulating axonal regeneration and remyelination after SCI. In this study, to evaluate whether GDNF would augment therapeutic effects of NSPCs for SCI, GDNF-encoding or mock adenoviral vector-transduced human NSPCs (GDNF-or Mock-hNSPCs) were transplanted into the injured thoracic spinal cords of rats at 7 days after SCI.

Implementation of a Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Panel for Constitutional Newborn Screening in High-Risk Neonates.

Purpose: Newborn screening (NBS) programs are important for appropriate management of susceptible neonates to prevent serious clinical problems. Neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are at a potentially high risk of false-positive results, and repetitive NBS after total parenteral nutrition is completely off results in delayed diagnosis. Here, we present the usefulness of a targeted next-generation sequencing (TNGS) panel to complement NBS for early diagnosis in high-risk neonates.