Validation of changes in stage by the new N category in the 9th edition of lung cancer staging for resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: The reclassification following N2 subcategorization (N2a vs. N2b) in the 9th edition of lung cancer staging has not yet been externally validated. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the survival outcomes of reclassified stages in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Diagnosing Complete Response to Preoperative Chemoradiation in Esophageal Cancer Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Response Criteria.

Objective: To assess the performance of novel qualitative diagnostic criteria using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify the pathologic complete response (pCR) of primary tumors in esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT).

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent nCRT, subsequent MRI, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), endoscopy, or esophagectomy for esophageal cancer between October 2021 and October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The DCE-MRI response of primary tumors was interpreted using five grades by thoracic radiologists as follows: G1 (compatible with CR), G2 (probable CR), G3 (probable partial response [PR]), G4 (compatible with PR), and G5 (stable or progressive disease).

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pathologic N2 Disease in Resected Lung Cancers Assessed as N0 or N1 Disease on Preoperative Imaging.

In certain patients with lung cancer, guidelines recommend endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) as the primary method to evaluate for metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes, defining pN2 disease. EBUS-TBNA has associated costs and complications and possibly limited availability. To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for pN2 disease in patients undergoing resection of lung cancer assessed as having radiologic N0 or N1 disease.

Prognostic Implications of the Volume Doubling Time of the Solid Component in Lung Adenocarcinomas Manifesting as Part-Solid Lesions on Chest CT.

In lung adenocarcinomas manifesting as part-solid lesions, evidence supports greater prognostic importance for the volume of the solid component than of the whole nodule. However, assessments of lesion growth rates have historically focused on the volume doubling time (VDT) of the whole lesion. To compare the prognostic utility of the VDT of the solid component versus of the whole lesion for resected lung adenocarcinomas manifesting as part-solid lesions on chest CT.

Inter-reader agreement for diagnosing thymic cysts on chest MRI in two tertiary referral centers.

Despite the substantial role of chest MRI for the diagnosis and follow-up of thymic cysts, information about inter-reader agreement and optimal MR sequences is still limited. We aimed to investigate the inter-reader agreement for diagnosing thymic cysts using various combinations of MR sequences and to assess the effect of the addition of CT on inter-reader agreement. A total of 76 anterior mediastinal lesions (≤ 30 mm) from two tertiary referral hospitals (55 from Institution A and 21 from Institution B) who underwent chest CT and contrast-enhanced chest MR were included.

Incorporating Lymph Node Size at CT as an N1 Descriptor in Clinical N Staging for Lung Cancer.

Background The ninth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer revised the N2 categorization, improving patient stratification, but prognostic heterogeneity remains for the N1 category. Purpose To define the optimal size cutoff for a bulky lymph node (LN) on CT scans and to evaluate the prognostic value of bulky LN in the clinical N staging of lung cancer. Materials and Methods This retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy for lung cancer between January 2013 and December 2021, divided into development (2016-2021) and validation (2013-2015) cohorts.

Improving functional correlation of quantification of interstitial lung disease by reducing the vendor difference of CT using generative adversarial network (GAN) style conversion.

Objective: To assess whether CT style conversion between different CT vendors using a routable generative adversarial network (RouteGAN) could minimize variation in ILD quantification, resulting in improved functional correlation of quantitative CT (QCT) measures.

Methods: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who underwent unenhanced chest CTs with vendor A and a pulmonary function test (PFT) were retrospectively evaluated. As deep-learning based ILD quantification software was mainly developed using vendor B CT, style-converted images from vendor A to B style were generated using RouteGAN.

Contrast-enhanced CT Lymphangiography for Various Central Lymphatic Disorders.

Lymphatic leakage, manifesting as chylothorax or chylous ascites, arises from traumatic or nontraumatic causes and poses severe risks such as malnutrition and increased infection susceptibility. Accurate diagnosis and an effective treatment strategy necessitate comprehensive lymphatic imaging. Conventional lymphangiography and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography (DCMRL) have been widely used and studied as effective lymphatic imaging methods.

The prognostic value of lymphovascular invasion for stage I lung adenocarcinoma based on the presence of ground-glass opacity.

Objectives: There is still a debate regarding the prognostic implication of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Ground-glass opacity (GGO) on CT is known to correlate with a less invasive or lepidic component in adenocarcinoma, which may influence the strength of prognostic factors. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of LVI in stage I lung adenocarcinoma based on the presence of GGO.

Prognostic Value of Preoperative N Subcategories in Patients with Stage IIIA N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose To evaluate the preoperative risk factors in patients with pathologic IIIA N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent upfront surgery and to evaluate the prognostic value of new N subcategories. Materials and Methods Patients with pathologic stage IIIA N2 NSCLC who underwent upfront surgery in a single tertiary center from January 2015 to April 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Each patient's clinical N (cN) was assigned to one of six subcategories (cN0, cN1a, cN1b, cN2a1, cN2a2, and cN2b) based on recently proposed N descriptors.

Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiologists versus GPT-4V and Gemini Pro Vision Using Image Inputs from Diagnosis Please Cases.

Background The diagnostic abilities of multimodal large language models (LLMs) using direct image inputs and the impact of the temperature parameter of LLMs remain unexplored. Purpose To investigate the ability of GPT-4V and Gemini Pro Vision in generating differential diagnoses at different temperatures compared with radiologists using Diagnosis Please cases. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included Diagnosis Please cases published from January 2008 to October 2023.

Assessment of Treatment Response in Patients With Severe Asthma Using Visual and Quantitative Analysis of Chest CT.

Objective: To evaluate the role of visual and quantitative chest CT parameters in assessing treatment response in patients with severe asthma.

Materials And Methods: Korean participants enrolled in a prospective multicenter study, named the Precision Medicine Intervention in Severe Asthma study, from May 2020 to August 2021, underwent baseline and follow-up chest CT scans (inspiration/expiration) 10-12 months apart, before and after biologic treatment. Two radiologists scored bronchiectasis severity and mucus plugging extent.

Usefulness of CT Quantification-Based Assessment in Defining Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Rationale And Objectives: To establish a quantitative CT threshold for radiological disease progression of progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) and evaluate its feasibility in patients with connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD).

Materials And Methods: Between April 2007 and October 2022, patients diagnosed with CTD-ILD retrospectively evaluated. CT quantification was conducted using a commercial software by summing the percentages of ground-glass opacity, consolidation, reticular opacity, and honeycombing.

Evaluation of retrieval accuracy and visual similarity in content-based image retrieval of chest CT for obstructive lung disease.

The aim of our study was to assess the performance of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) for similar chest computed tomography (CT) in obstructive lung disease. This retrospective study included patients with obstructive lung disease who underwent volumetric chest CT scans. The CBIR database included 600 chest CT scans from 541 patients.

Surgical Outcomes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Distant Metastasis: The Prognostic Significance of Delayed Metastasis Diagnosis.

Background: The diagnosis of distant metastasis on preoperative examinations for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be challenging, leading to surgery for some patients with uncertain metastasis. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of delayed diagnosis of metastasis on patients who underwent upfront surgery.

Methods: The study enrolled patients who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy for NSCLC between June 2010 and December 2017 and evaluated the presence of distant metastasis before surgery.

CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy for anterior mediastinal lymphoma: the role of PET/CT.

Background: Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) is not recommended as the diagnostic modality of choice for anterior mediastinal lymphoma, despite its advantages of minimal invasiveness and easy accessibility.

Purpose: To identify the modifiable risk factors for non-diagnostic results from CT-guided PTNB for anterior mediastinal lymphoma.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study identified CT-guided PTNB for anterior mediastinal lesions diagnosed as lymphoma between May 2007 and December 2021.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Interstitial Lung Abnormality: Implication in Follow-Up Strategy and Risk Thresholds.

The optimal follow-up computed tomography (CT) interval for detecting the progression of interstitial lung abnormality (ILA) is unknown. To identify optimal follow-up strategies and extent thresholds on CT relevant to outcomes. This retrospective study included self-referred screening participants aged 50 years or older, including nonsmokers, who had imaging findings relevant to ILA on chest CT scans.