Single oral toxicity assessment and phytochemical analysis of the Ficus erecta Thunb. Leaves extract.

Ficus erecta Thunb. is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat various diseases in Asian countries. We recently reported the potential of the ethanol extract of F.

Chromosome-level assemblies of the endemic Korean species Abeliophyllum distichum and Forsythia ovata.

Abeliophyllum distichum and Forsythia ovata are closely related species endemic to Korea and are highly valued as ornamental shrubs in the Oleaceae family. A combination of PacBio and Illumina sequencing with Hi-C scaffolding technologies was employed to develop chromosome-level genome assemblies of these species. The assembled genome sizes are 795.

Neuroprotective effects of Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla extract in amyloid-beta-induced cognitive deficit mice: Involvement of the PKC-delta, MYL2, and FER pathways.

Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla (EGFO), a member of the Elaeagnaceae family, is an evergreen plant distinct from other species in its genus. We previously reported that ethanol extract from EGFO has memory improvement effects in a short-term memory deficit mouse model and anti-inflammatory effects in a microglial cell line.

Comparative phylogenomic study of East Asian endemic genus, Corchoropsis Siebold & Zucc. (Malvaceae s.l.), based on complete plastome sequences.

Background: Endemic plants are key to understanding the evolutionary history and enhancing biodiversity within their unique regions, while also offering significant economic potential. The East Asian endemic genus Corchoropsis Siebold & Zucc., classified within the subfamily Dombeyoideae of Malvaceae s.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of Potentilla fragarioides var. major (Rosaceae) extract in Alzheimer's disease using in vitro and in vivo models: A multi-faceted approach.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is caused by various factors including amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation. We investigated the pharmacological effects of the ethanol extract of Potentilla fragarioides var. major (Rosaceae) (EEPF) on AD-related pathogenesis, which remain elusive.

Round Robin Study for Evaluation an in vitro skin irritation test for medical device extracts using KeraSkin in Korea.

With the growing importance of alternative test methods that implement the 3Rs principles (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement) and the global importance of biological safety assessment data for medical devices is increasing. We have developed and optimized the 'KeraSkin™ Skin Irritation Test (KeraSkin™ SIT) for medical device' for regulatory application in biological evaluation according to ISO 10993-23. We conducted a round robin study to optimize and evaluate the performance of KeraSkin™ SIT for medical devices using KeraSkin™ Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RhE), which is developed and manufactured in Korea.

A retrospective analysis of conception per embryo transfer in dairy cattle in South Korea.

The bovine embryo production industry has seen significant growth over the past two decades, particularly in the production of in vitro produced embryos. This growth, driven by advancements in cryopreservation, in vitro culture mediums, ovum pick-up (OPU) procedures, ultrasonography devices, and embryo transfer (ET) has been notable. Particularly, ET is crucial for disseminating high genetic merit and amplifying foreign breeds by importing frozen embryos.

The impact of sexual reproduction-induced vertical migration on the complexity of harmful algal blooms in Heterosigma akashiwo.

Vertical migration behaviour, which is integral to marine energy circulation, is a prevalent trait among marine organisms. However, the behaviour of phytoplankton, particularly beyond diel vertical migration (DVM), remain underexplored compared to groups like zooplankton. Through the lens of the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo, which exhibits active vertical migrations and unique fluctuating bloom dynamics, this study aimed to explore the ecological intricacies and diverse benefits of phytoplankton vertical migration behaviours.

KoCVAM-led development of phototoxicity alternative test method using reconstructed human epidermis model (KeraSkin™).

Phototoxicity is an acute toxic reaction induced by topical skin exposure to photoreactive chemicals followed by exposure to environmental light and thus chemicals that absorb UV are recommended to be evaluated for phototoxic potential. There are currently three internationally harmonized alternative test methods for phototoxicity. One of them is the in vitro Phototoxicity: RhE Phototoxicity test method (OECD TG498).

Comprehensive understanding of the life history of harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo: Integrating in situ and in vitro observations.

Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) is widely recognized as a species responsible for harmful algal blooms worldwide. The species has long been speculated to possess a more complex life history, attributed to the diverse morphological variations observed during cell cultivation. However, the understanding of its life history has remained insufficient due to limitations in observing transitions between life cycle stages in vitro and challenges associated with in situ investigations.

MAPK13 stabilization via mA mRNA modification limits anticancer efficacy of rapamycin.

N-adenosine methylation (mA) is the most abundant mRNA modification that controls gene expression through diverse mechanisms. Accordingly, mA-dependent regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors contributes to tumor development. However, the role of mA-mediated gene regulation upon drug treatment or resistance is poorly understood.

FAM120A couples SREBP-dependent transcription and splicing of lipogenesis enzymes downstream of mTORC1.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth that stimulates macromolecule synthesis through transcription, RNA processing, and post-translational modification of metabolic enzymes. However, the mechanisms of how mTORC1 orchestrates multiple steps of gene expression programs remain unclear. Here, we identify family with sequence similarity 120A (FAM120A) as a transcription co-activator that couples transcription and splicing of de novo lipid synthesis enzymes downstream of mTORC1-serine/arginine-rich protein kinase 2 (SRPK2) signaling.

A phylogenomic study of Iridaceae Juss. based on complete plastid genome sequences.

The plastid genome has proven to be an effective tool for examining deep correlations in plant phylogenetics, owing to its highly conserved structure, uniparental inheritance, and limited variation in evolutionary rates. Iridaceae, comprising more than 2,000 species, includes numerous economically significant taxa that are frequently utilized in food industries and medicines and for ornamental and horticulture purposes. Molecular studies on chloroplast DNA have confirmed the position of this family in the order Asparagales with non-asparagoids.

Characterization of the complete plastid genome of Korean endemic, Nakai (Lamiaceae).

Nakai is a Korean endemic species in Lamiaceae. In spite of its importance, genomic studies are not performed on this species. Here, we report the complete plastid genome sequences of , which will provide valuable information for its natural conservation and future studies for the plastid genome evolution.

PPARδ Agonist Promotes Type II Cartilage Formation in a Rabbit Osteochondral Defect Model.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease accompanied by an inflammatory milieu that results in painful joints. The pathogenesis of OA is multifactorial, with genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and traumatic injury resulting in the direct or indirect loss of cartilage. The articular cartilage can also be damaged by direct focal traumatic injury.

Genetic structure and geneflow of Malus across the Korean Peninsula using genotyping-by-sequencing.

This study was to understand the genetic structure and diversity of the Korean Malus species. We used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology to analyze samples of 112 individuals belonging to 18 populations of wild Malus spp. Using GBS, we identified thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the species analyzed.

A laser parameter study on enhancing proton generation from microtube foil targets.

The interaction of an intense laser with a solid foil target can drive [Formula: see text] TV/m electric fields, accelerating ions to MeV energies. In this study, we experimentally observe that structured targets can dramatically enhance proton acceleration in the target normal sheath acceleration regime. At the Texas Petawatt Laser facility, we compared proton acceleration from a [Formula: see text] flat Ag foil, to a fixed microtube structure 3D printed on the front side of the same foil type.

Molecular Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of R. Br. (Orchidaceae): A Case of the Vicariance Between East Asia and North America.

Understanding of intercontinental distribution in the Northern Hemisphere has attracted a lot of attention from botanists. However, although Orchidaceae is the largest group of angiosperms, biogeographical studies on the disjunctive pattern have not been sufficient for this family. R.

Phylogenetic relationship, biogeography, and conservation genetics of endangered (Oleaceae), endemic to South Korea.

Endemic plants are important for understanding phylogenetic relationships, biogeographical history, and genetic variation because of their restricted distribution and their role in conserving biodiversity. Here, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the Korean endemic by reconstructing the molecular phylogeny of based on two nuclear DNA (nrITS and ) and two chloroplast DNA ( and ) regions. Within our fossil-calibrated phylogenetic framework, we also inferred the biogeographical history of .

Disjunction and Vicariance Between East and West Asia: A Case Study on sect. Based on Plastid Genome Analysis.

Scientists have long been captivated by biogeographic disjunctions, and disjunctions between East Asia and North America have been particularly well-studied at the genus and family levels. By contrast, disjunctions between eastern and western Asia have received less attention. L.

Korean Red Ginseng Improves Astrocytic Mitochondrial Function by Upregulating HO-1-Mediated AMPKα-PGC-1α-ERRα Circuit after Traumatic Brain Injury.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts beneficial effects, including angiogenesis and energy metabolism via the peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) pathway in astrocytes. However, the role of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) in HO-1-mediated mitochondrial function in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not well-elucidated. We found that HO-1 was upregulated in astrocytes located in peri-injured brain regions after a TBI, following exposure to KRGE.

Does Transection of the Superficial MCL During HTO Result in Progressive Valgus Instability? [Formula: see text].

Background: During high tibial osteotomy (HTO), the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) is cut or released at any degree to expose the osteotomy site and achieve the targeted alignment correction according to the surgeon's preference. However, it is still unclear whether transection of sMCL increases valgus laxity.

Purpose: We aimed to assess the outcomes and safety of sMCL transection, especially focusing on iatrogenic valgus instability.