Radiofrequency Ablation for Recurrent Thyroid Cancers: 2025 Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Guideline.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment modality used as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules, recurrent thyroid cancers (RTCs), and primary thyroid microcarcinomas. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) initially developed recommendations for the optimal use of RFA for thyroid tumors in 2009 and revised them in 2012 and 2017. As new meaningful evidence has accumulated since 2017 and in response to a growing global interest in the use of RFA for treating malignant thyroid lesions, the task force committee members of the KSThR decided to update the guidelines on the use of RFA for the management of RTCs based on a comprehensive analysis of current literature and expert consensus.

High caloric intake improves neuronal metabolism and functional hyperemia in a rat model of early AD pathology.

While obesity has been linked to both increased and decreased rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients, there is no consensus on the interaction between obesity and AD. The TgF344-AD rat model was used to investigate the effects of high carbohydrate, high fat (HCHF) diet on brain glucose metabolism and hemodynamics in the presence or absence of AD transgenes, in presymptomatic (6-month-old) vs. symptomatic (12-month-old) stages of AD progression using non-invasive neuroimaging.

Salivary gland organoid transplantation as a therapeutic option for radiation-induced xerostomia.

Background: Xerostomia is a pathological condition characterized by decreased salivation due to salivary gland dysfunction and is frequently attributed to irreversible damage as a side effect of radiation therapy. Stem cell-derived organoid therapy has garnered attention as a promising avenue for resolving this issue. However, Matrigel, a hydrogel commonly used in organoid culture, is considered inappropriate for clinical use due to its undefined composition and immunogenicity.

Evaluating the association of radiographic parameters of proximal humerus fractures managed conservatively with functional outcomes.

Introduction: Treatment of proximal humerus fractures remains controversial. Understanding the factors that can affect the long-term functional outcomes can aid with management choices. This primary aim of this paper is to evaluate the association of radiographic parameters with functional outcomes.

Impact of cancer therapy on clonal hematopoiesis mutations and subsequent clinical outcomes.

Exposure to cancer therapies is associated with an increased risk of clonal hematopoiesis (CH). The objective of our study was to investigate the genesis and evolution of CH after cancer therapy. In this prospective study, we undertook error-corrected duplex DNA sequencing in blood samples collected before and at 2 time points after chemoradiation in patients with esophageal or lung cancer recruited from 2013 to 2018.

At the Heart of the Community: Implementation of Echocardiographic Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease in Primary Care Facilities of Northern Borneo Island.

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a potentially life-threatening condition that causes long-standing public health concerns. Echocardiography is a reliable diagnostic and screening technique for many cardiovascular conditions, including RHD. It is commonly used in tertiary care facilities worldwide but less so in the community setting.

Prostaglandin F2α analogue, bimatoprost ameliorates colistin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Colistin (polymyxin E) is an antibiotic that is effective against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. However, the high incidence of nephrotoxicity caused by colistin limits its clinical use. To identify compounds that might ameliorate colistin-induced nephrotoxicity, we obtained 1707 compounds from the Korea Chemical Bank and used a high-content screening (HCS) imaging-based assay.

Detection rate of contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cognitive impairment.

Introduction: The number of brain MRI with contrast media performed in patients with cognitive impairment has increased without universal agreement. We aimed to evaluate the detection rate of contrast-enhanced brain MRI in patients with cognitive impairment.

Materials And Methods: This single-institution, retrospective study included 4,838 patients who attended outpatient clinics for cognitive impairment evaluation and underwent brain MRI with or without contrast enhancement from December 2015 to February 2020.

Causes of Clonal Hematopoiesis: a Review.

Purpose Of Review: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an age-dependent process detectable using advanced sequencing technologies and is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize known causes of CH mutations and to identify key areas and considerations for future research on CH.

Recent Findings: Studies have identified multiple potential causes of CH mutations including smoking, cancer therapies, cardiometabolic disease, inflammation, and germline risk factors.

Standardized Imaging and Reporting for Thyroid Ultrasound: Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Consensus Statement and Recommendation.

Ultrasonography (US) is a primary imaging modality for diagnosing nodular thyroid disease and has an essential role in identifying the most appropriate management strategy for patients with nodular thyroid disease. Standardized imaging techniques and reporting formats for thyroid US are necessary. For this purpose, the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) organized a task force in June 2021 and developed recommendations for standardized imaging technique and reporting format, based on the 2021 KSThR consensus statement and recommendations for US-based diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules.

Predictors of severe COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Sabah, Malaysia.

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) is the high-risk group for COVID-19 infection due to increased workplace exposure. However, evidence of the disease burden and factors associated with severe COVID-19 infection among HCWs is limited. Therefore, this article aims to describe the prevalence of severe COVID-19 disease among HCWs in Sabah, Malaysia, and to determine the factors associated with severe COVID-19 infection.

Development and Validation of a Model Using Radiomics Features from an Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Map to Diagnose Local Tumor Recurrence in Patients Treated for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To develop and validate a model using radiomics features from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map to diagnose local tumor recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 285 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 62 ± 12 years; 220 male, 77.2%), including 215 for training (n = 161) and internal validation (n = 54) and 70 others for external validation, with newly developed contrast-enhancing lesions at the primary cancer site on the surveillance MRI following definitive treatment of HNSCC between January 2014 and October 2019.

Diagnostic performance of deep learning-based automatic white matter hyperintensity segmentation for classification of the Fazekas scale and differentiation of subcortical vascular dementia.

Purpose: To validate the diagnostic performance of commercially available, deep learning-based automatic white matter hyperintensity (WMH) segmentation algorithm for classifying the grades of the Fazekas scale and differentiating subcortical vascular dementia.

Methods: This retrospective, observational, single-institution study investigated the diagnostic performance of a deep learning-based automatic WMH volume segmentation to classify the grades of the Fazekas scale and differentiate subcortical vascular dementia. The VUNO Med-DeepBrain was used for the WMH segmentation system.

Imaging finding and analysis of brain lymphoma in contrast-enhanced fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to report and analyze the image findings of contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE-FLAIR) sequence of lymphoma in the brain.

Material And Methods: Thirty-two immunocompetent patients with biopsy-proven diffuse large B-cell type lymphoma in the brain were evaluated with pre-treatment MRI examinations from August 2014 to April 2020. As stereotactic studies on the day of biopsy, FLAIR and T1-weighted axial images were acquired in 2 mm thickness, before and after administrating gadolinium-based contrast agents, with 3.

Comparison of somatic mutation landscapes in Chinese versus European breast cancer patients.

Recent genomic studies suggest that Asian breast cancer (BC) may have distinct somatic features; however, most comparisons of BC genomic features across populations did not account for differences in age, subtype, and sequencing methods. In this study, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing (WES) data to characterize omatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) and mutation profiles in 98 Hong Kong BC (HKBC) patients and compared with those from The Cancer Genome Atlas of European ancestry (TCGA-EA, N = 686), which had similar distributions of age at diagnosis and PAM50 subtypes as in HKBC. We developed a two-sample Poisson model to compare driver gene selection pressure, which reflects the effect sizes of cancer driver genes, while accounting for differences in sample size, sequencing platforms, depths, and mutation calling methods.

Impact of Brain MRI on the Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis and Treatment Decisions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Despite increasing use of brain MRI to evaluate patients with suspected infective endocarditis, the clinical impact of brain MRI in this setting has not yet been systematically reviewed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of brain MRI findings in patients with suspected or confirmed infective endocarditis and to determine the impact of such findings on clinical decisions. A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2020, to identify original research investigations of brain MRI in patients with suspected or confirmed infective endocarditis.

Comparison of Core Needle Biopsy and Repeat Fine-Needle Aspiration in Avoiding Diagnostic Surgery for Thyroid Nodules Initially Diagnosed as Atypia/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance.

Objective: To compare core needle biopsy (CNB) and repeat fine-needle aspiration (rFNA) to reduce the rate of diagnostic surgery and prevent unnecessary surgery in nodules initially diagnosed as atypia/follicular lesions of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS).

Materials And Methods: This study included 231 consecutive patients (150 female and 81 male; mean age ± standard deviation, 51.9 ± 11.

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate-Induced Gastric Pneumatosis: A Rare Side Effect.

Kayexalate has been used in the USA since 1975 for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Prior case reports have shown that sorbitol added to kayexalate has been known to cause rare side effects of colonic necrosis. We present a unique case report of gastric pneumatosis as a complication of kayexalate.

Stability of MRI radiomic features according to various imaging parameters in fast scanned T2-FLAIR for acute ischemic stroke patients.

From May 2015 to June 2016, data on 296 patients undergoing 1.5-Tesla MRI for symptoms of acute ischemic stroke were retrospectively collected. Conventional, echo-planar imaging (EPI) and echo train length (ETL)-T2-FLAIR were simultaneously obtained in 118 patients (first group), and conventional, ETL-, and repetition time (TR)-T2-FLAIR were simultaneously obtained in 178 patients (second group).

Factors and outcomes in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS): A systematic review.

Background: An emerging infectious zoonosis known as Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is discovered mainly in Japan, South Korea and China. SFTS virus (SFTSV) which is recently recognised as bunyavirus is borne by ticks such as . It has the capabilities to spread as develop clusters and become a considerable public health threat as this virus could experience rapid evolution via gene mutation.

Prediction model for cervical lymph node metastasis in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Objectives: To develop and validate a risk scoring system based on clinical and imaging findings to predict lymph node metastasis from HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Methods: This study population who had undergone neck dissections or lymph node biopsies in patients with HPV+ OPSCC was obtained from a historical cohort from two tertiary referral hospitals. The training set from one hospital included 455 lymph nodes from 82 patients, and the test set from the other hospital included 150 lymph nodes from 42 patients.

Extensive peritumoral edema and brain-to-tumor interface MRI features enable prediction of brain invasion in meningioma: development and validation.

Background: Brain invasion by meningioma is a stand-alone criterion for tumor atypia in the 2016 World Health Organization classification, but no imaging parameter has yet been shown to be sufficient for predicting it. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an MRI-based radiomics model from the brain-to-tumor interface to predict brain invasion by meningioma.

Methods: Preoperative T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging data were obtained from 454 patients (88 patients with brain invasion) between 2012 and 2017.