Airway epithelial CD47 plays a critical role in inducing influenza virus-mediated bacterial super-infection.

Respiratory viral infection increases host susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, yet the precise dynamics within airway epithelia remain elusive. Here, we elucidate the pivotal role of CD47 in the airway epithelium during bacterial super-infection. We demonstrated that upon influenza virus infection, CD47 expression was upregulated and localized on the apical surface of ciliated cells within primary human nasal or bronchial epithelial cells.

Visualization of the relationship between electrogustometry and whole mouth test using multidimensional scaling.

Interpreting the relationship between different taste function tests of different stimuli, such as chemical and electrical stimulation, is still poorly understood. This study aims to analyze visually as well as quantitatively how to interpret the relationship of results between taste function tests using different stimuli. Patients who underwent the whole mouth test and Electrogustometry (EGM) at a tertiary medical center between August 2018 and December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively with electronic medical records.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the development of mouse olfactory system from prenatal to postnatal period.

Introduction: The olfactory epithelium (OE) and olfactory bulb (OB) are the major components of the olfactory system and play critical roles in olfactory perception. However, the embryonic development of OE and OB by using the olfactory specific genes has not been comprehensively investigated yet. Most previous studies were limited to a specific embryonic stage, and very little is known, till date, about the development of OE.

Calprotectin in chronic rhinosinusitis eosinophil extracellular traps.

Background: Calprotectin is an antimicrobial peptide primarily secreted by neutrophils. Furthermore, calprotectin secretion increases in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with polyps (CRSwNP) and positively correlates with neutrophil markers. However, CRSwNP is known to be associated with type 2 inflammation related to tissue eosinophilia.

IL-4 drastically decreases deuterosomal and multiciliated cells via alteration in progenitor cell differentiation.

Background: Allergic inflammation affects the epithelial cell populations resulting in goblet cell hyperplasia and decreased ciliated cells. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) have enabled the identification of new cell subtypes and genomic features of single cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of allergic inflammation in nasal epithelial cell transcriptomes at the single-cell level.

Comparison of clinical features and surgical outcomes between hypopnea- and apnea-predominant obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: This study is aimed to investigate the differences in the clinical features and surgical outcomes between hypopnea- and apnea-predominant obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Single tertiary care centre.

Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients With Mixed Apnea Components.

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate clinical implications of mixed apnea (MA) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), particularly whether surgical outcomes differ between OSA patients with and without MA events.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single tertiary medical center.

The Role of Proprotein Convertases in Upper Airway Remodeling.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa and tissue remodeling, which can include basal/progenitor cell hyperplasia, goblet cell hyperplasia, squamous cell metaplasia, loss or dysfunction of ciliated cells, and increased matrix deposition. Repeated injuries can stimulate airway epithelial cells to produce inflammatory mediators that activate epithelial cells, immune cells, or the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit. This persistent inflammation can consequently induce aberrant tissue remodeling.

Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with erythrocytosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and erythrocytosis.

Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles examining hematocrit values in patients with OSA and control individuals published till September 1, 2021. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and subgroup analyses were performed.

Effectiveness of cross-linked human acellular dermal matrix in primary and revision augmentation rhinoplasty.

Background: Among the materials used for dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty (DAR), cross-linked human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has been claimed for its low risk of infection and extrusion. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ADM in subjects undergoing primary versus revision dorsal augmentation rhinoplasties.

Methods: Using a retrospective cohort study design, the investigators enrolled a cohort set of DAR patients operated by a single surgeon during a 65-month interval.

Association between diabetes mellitus and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the association between physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) phenotypes in a national population-based study.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Population-based survey data were collected by the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey between January 2008 and December 2012.

Exacerbation of pulmonary infection by comorbid allergic asthma is associated with diminished mycobacterium-specific Th17 responses.

Accumulating evidence suggests that two chronic respiratory diseases, nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM)-pulmonary disease (PD) and allergic asthma, are frequently present together and that they likely influence the disease development and progression of each other. However, their precise interactions regarding the pathogenesis of comorbid diseases versus that of individual diseases are not well understood. In this study, comorbid diseases ( (Mav) pulmonary infection (PI) (Mav-PI) and ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma) were established in mice in different orders and at different time periods.

Association between obesity and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a national population-based study.

Objectives: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the nationwide Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to evaluate the association between obesity and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or without nasal polyp (CRSsNP).

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of health survey data.

Setting: Voluntary survey of representative South Korean populations.

Detecting serum galactomannan to diagnose acute invasive Aspergillus sinusitis: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: The serum galactomannan test has been used for diagnosing acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS), especially invasive Aspergillus. We aimed to assess the accuracy of the test to diagnose acute invasive Aspergillus sinusitis (AIAS).

Methods: We searched all relevant articles published in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up until September 14, 2020.

Mechanical compression enhances ciliary beating through cytoskeleton remodeling in human nasal epithelial cells.

Nasal inflammatory diseases, including nasal polyps and acute/chronic sinusitis, are characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance and eventually inflammation and infection. Contact of nasal polyps with adjacent nasal mucosa or stagnated mucus within the maxillary sinus produces compressive mechanical stresses on the apical surface of epithelium which can induce cytoskeleton remodeling in epithelial cells. In this study, we hypothesized that compressive stress modulates ciliary beating by altering the mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton of ciliated cell basal bodies.

Differential Correlations among Allergy Tests According to Indoor Allergens in Allergic Rhinitis.

Objectives: Several allergy tests are used for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis; however, few studies have reported a direct comparison of the skin prick test (SPT), multiple allergen simultaneous test (MAST), and ImmunoCAP according to specific allergens. This study aimed to evaluate the correlations between each test and allergic rhinitis symptoms and to evaluate the correlations of the MAST and ImmunoCAP with the SPT for representative indoor allergens in Korea.

Methods: Electronic medical charts were retrospectively reviewed, and 698 patients with allergic rhinitis who had performed SPT, MAST, and ImmunoCAP were enrolled.

Outcomes of multilevel upper airway surgery, including tongue base resection, in patients with torus mandibularis.

By affecting the tongue position and oropharyngeal airway volume, torus mandibularis is an anatomical factor associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study aimed to investigate the influence of torus mandibularis on the surgical outcomes of multilevel upper airway surgery with tongue base resection (TBR) in patients with OSA. Patients with OSA who underwent palatal surgery and TBR were retrospectively analyzed.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 contributes to the development of allergic rhinitis by promoting the production of epithelial-derived cytokines.

Background: Arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification mediated by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Although previous studies have shown that PRMT1 contributes to the severity of allergic airway inflammation or asthma, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of PRMT1 and its relevant mechanism in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR).

Serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level correlates with the lowest SaO in patients with sleep apnea: a preliminary study.

Introduction: Serum level of high-mobility group box 1 protein is reportedly correlated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: We tried to evaluate the possibility of using the serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level as a biologic marker in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Methods: We generated a chronic intermittent hypoxia murine model that reflected human obstructive sleep apnea.

Can the sensitisation to staphylococcal enterotoxin predict the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis?

Background: Evidence is accumulating that Staphylococcus aureus plays an important role as a disease modifier in upper and lower airway disease. We aimed to assess the association of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) with allergic multimorbidity as well as the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 97 subjects aged 6 years or older between March 2018 and June 2019 and analysed symptom scores, computed tomography scores, serum IgE levels to SEs, serum total and specific IgE levels to inhalant allergens.