Costs of typhoid vaccination for international travelers from the United States.

In the United States, typhoid vaccination is recommended for international travelers to areas with a recognized risk of typhoid exposure. Using MarketScan® Commercial Database from 2016 through 2022, we estimated typhoid vaccination costs by route (injectable vs. oral) and provider setting (clinic vs.

Cognitive Trajectory Before and After Cataract Surgery: A Population-Based Approach.

Background: Cataract surgery is the most common surgical procedure performed for older US adults. Cataracts are associated with poor cognition and higher rates of dementia, but whether cataract surgery improves cognition for US older adults is not known. We examined the relationship between cataract surgery and long-term change in cognition in the Health and Retirement Study, a population-based study of older US adults linked with Medicare billing data.

Minimum number of readings necessary for determining long-term visit-to-visit blood pressure variability to predict cardiovascular outcomes in people with diabetes.

Background: People with diabetes often have increased blood pressure (BP) variability because of autonomic dysfunction and arterial stiffness, making it a critical factor in predicting clinical outcomes. We investigated the reproducibility of long-term visit-to-visit BP variability (VVV) and the minimum number of BP readings to reliably determine VVV in people with diabetes.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study used data from electronic health records of the Korea University Medical Center database.

Impact of Older Adults' Internet Use on Economic Burden of Informal Caregiving.

This study examines the impact of older adults' Internet use on care hours and its influence on estimating national cost savings with active and potential Internet users. Using data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study ( = 1,806), we employed a survey weighted two-part model with gamma distribution. The cost savings were estimated by a replacement approach.

Deep learning model for identifying acute heart failure patients using electrocardiography in the emergency room.

Background: Acute heart failure (AHF) poses significant diagnostic challenges in the emergency room (ER) because of its varied clinical presentation and limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a deep-learning model using electrocardiogram (ECG) data to enhance AHF identification in the ER.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the ECG data of 19,285 patients who visited ERs of three hospitals between 2016 and 2020; 9,119 with available left ventricular ejection fraction and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide level data and who were diagnosed with AHF were included in the study.

Differences in spatiotemporal dynamics for processing specific semantic categories: An EEG study.

Semantic processing is an essential mechanism in human language comprehension and has profound implications for speech brain-computer interface technologies. Despite recent advances in brain imaging techniques and data analysis algorithms, the mechanisms underlying human brain semantic representations remain a topic of debate, specifically whether this occurs through the activation of selectively separated cortical regions or via a network of distributed and overlapping regions. This study investigates spatiotemporal neural representation during the perception of semantic words related to faces, numbers, and animals using electroencephalography.

High-Throughput Screening of 3-Dimensional Co-culture Hair Follicle Mimetic Tissue with an Enhanced Extracellular Matrix for the Screening of Hair Growth-Promoting Compounds.

Hair follicle cells reside within a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) environment in vivo, where physical and chemical cues regulate their behavior. The ECM is crucial for hair follicle development and regeneration, particularly through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Current in vitro models often fail to replicate this complexity, leading to inconsistencies in evaluating hair loss treatments.

Audiologic Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation in Prelingually Deaf Children Who Have Combined Anomalies or Disabilities.

Objective: To evaluate the audiologic outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) in prelingually deaf children with comorbid disorders.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Tertiary care academic center.

Large-Area Bright Emission of Plasmon-Coupled Dark Excitons at Room Temperature.

Brightening dark excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers (MLs) can provide large-area ultrathin devices for applications in quantum information science and optoelectronics. For practical applications of dark excitons, a robust and bright emission over a wide area at room temperature is desirable; however, no reliable approach has been demonstrated thus far. In this study, an efficient approach is presented for brightening dark excitons at room temperature over a large area of a WSe ML via coupling between plasmons and dark excitons.

Comparative Effectiveness of Lercanidipine and Amlodipine on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients.

Background: Lercanidipine, a newer-generation calcium channel blocker, is recognized for its effective antihypertensive properties and reduced side effects. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of lercanidipine and amlodipine in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in hypertensive patients.

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective observational study was conducted using the electronic medical records database from 3 tertiary hospitals in South Korea between 2017 and 2021.

Alterations in Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Heterozygous APE1/Ref-1 Deficient Mice.

Backgruound: The role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) in adipose tissue remains poorly understood. This study investigates adipose tissue dysfunction in heterozygous APE1/Ref-1 deficiency (APE1/Ref-1+/-) mice, focusing on changes in adipocyte physiology, oxidative stress, adipokine regulation, and adipose tissue distribution.

Methods: APE1/Ref-1 mRNA and protein levels in white adipose tissue (WAT) were measured in APE1/Ref-1+/- mice, compared to their wild-type (APE1/Ref-1+/+) controls.

Effect of Calcium Channel Blockers on Antiplatelet Activity of Clopidogrel in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights from the PTRG-DES Consortium.

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are frequently co-administered with clopidogrel in cardiovascular disease. Although an inhibitory drug interaction exists between them, comprehensive large-scale studies for its validation are lacking. We investigated interactions between CCBs and clopidogrel using a large-scale national registry of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Dynamical control of nanoscale electron density in atomically thin n-type semiconductors via nano-electric pulse generator.

Controlling electron density in two-dimensional semiconductors is crucial for both comprehensive understanding of fundamental material properties and their technological applications. However, conventional electrostatic doping methods exhibit limitations, particularly in addressing electric field-induced drift and subsequent diffusion of electrons, which restrict nanoscale doping. Here, we present a tip-induced nanospectroscopic electric pulse modulator to dynamically control nanoscale electron density, thereby facilitating precise measurement of nano-optoelectronic behaviors within a MoS monolayer.

JERA01 upregulates the production of Th1 cytokines and modulates dendritic cells-mediated immune response.

Lactic acid bacteria are known to have various effects on the immune system. The type and extent of the effect differ, depending on the type of lactic acid bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii bacterin on mouse-derived immune cells.

Speech Perception Ability and Subjective Satisfaction After Upgrade of Speech Processor in Cochlear Implantation.

Cochlear implant (CI) users face the decision of whether to upgrade to a new sound processor (SP) with technological advances. We wanted to assess the changes of speech perception ability and aided hearing thresholds as well as subjective satisfaction after upgrade to a new SP. Fifty-five patients who have used CI for 10 years or more and upgraded to a new SP were enrolled.

Delirium risk profiles in a population-based study of United States older adults undergoing common noncardiac surgeries.

Background: Older adults often require surgical care and are at elevated risk of delirium. We explored delirium risk profiles across the population of U.S.

Nationwide Target Trial Emulation Evaluating the Clinical Effectiveness of Oral Antivirals for COVID-19 in Korea.

Background: Despite the proven effectiveness of oral antivirals against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in randomized trials, their clinical reevaluation is vital in the context of widespread immunity and milder prevalent variants. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of oral antivirals for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized a target trial emulation framework to analyze patients with COVID-19 aged 60+ from January to December 2022.

Who is Willing to Learn About Inequality? Predictors of Choice Exposure to Messaging About Racial Disparities in Air Pollution Effects Among Black and White U.S. Residents.

Widespread public awareness is needed to address health disparities and push for effective and equitable solutions. However, in a high choice media environment, this can only be achieved to the extent that people opt to consume disparity messaging. Drawing on theories of selective exposure, the present research uses a pre-registered online study conducted with U.