High-Temperature Corrosion Behavior of Superheater Materials at 600 °C: Insights from Laboratory and Field Exposures.

Combustion of biomass and waste results in release of corrosive species, such as alkali chlorides and water vapor, which accelerate the corrosion of superheaters in the boiler. To improve our understanding of alkali-induced corrosion, long-term corrosion investigations are needed. This study utilizes a systematic approach based on long-term corrosion studies (up to 8000 h) in a well-controlled laboratory environment to understand the corrosion behavior and protectiveness of oxide scales formed on a FeCr alloy (marginal chromia former) and three overlay weld coating systems (lean FeCrAl, FeCrAl, and Ni-based alloy) in a KCl-rich environment at 600 °C.

Diversification of pectoral control through motor pool extension.

Flexible control of pectoral appendages enables motor behaviors of vastly different strength, speed, and amplitude, as in a human playing the piano or throwing a ball. Such control necessitates a fine-tuned, coordinated activation of motoneurons, which is facilitated by spatially ordered motoneuron pools in mammals. While differently sized neurons are known to contribute to different strengths of pectoral movements, it remains unclear how these pectoral motor pools are organized in less complex pectoral systems as those of teleost fish.

Calculation of continuous reference intervals for biological parameters exhibiting strong age-dependent level changes: Its application to glycosaminoglycans and sialic acid in urine.

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and sialic acid (total and free) assays are used as first-line screening tests for the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses and glycoproteinoses, respectively. There is a pronounced age-dependent variation in the urinary concentrations of these metabolites in the normal population, and the stratification of the reference values into discrete age ranges may lead to an undesirably high number of false-positive or false-negative results. The aim of this study was to design a method for calculating continuous reference intervals as a function of age and its application to the analysis of GAGs and sialic acid (total, free, and conjugated) in urine.

Rapid α-AlO Growth on an Iron Aluminide Coating at 600 °C in the Presence of O, HO, and KCl.

In this work, a slurry iron aluminide-coated ferritic steel SVM12 was subjected to a laboratory experiment mimicking superheater corrosion in a biomass-fired power boiler. The samples were exposed under model Cl-rich biomass conditions, in a KCl + O + HO environment at 600 °C for 168, 2000, and 8000 h. The morphology of corrosion and the composition of the oxide scale and the coating were investigated by a combination of advanced analytical techniques such as FESEM/EDS, SEM/EBSD, and XRD.

A new mechanistic model for individual growth applied to insects under ad libitum conditions.

Metabolic theories in ecology interpret ecological patterns at different levels through the lens of metabolism, typically applying allometric power scaling laws to describe rates of energy use. This requires a sound theory for metabolism at the individual level. Commonly used mechanistic growth models lack some potentially important aspects and fail to accurately capture a growth pattern often observed in insects.

Long-term survival of 57 premolars consecutively transplanted to premolar sites.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to report the long-term outcome of autotransplantation of premolars to other premolar recipient sites.

Methods: The sample was limited to adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment, and all had 1 or 2 premolars transplanted to a recipient site in which a premolar was congenitally missing. The transplantations were performed between 1980 and 2008, comprising 29 premolars in 22 males and 28 premolars in 22 females.

Responders to first-line osteoarthritis treatment had reduced frequency of hip and knee joint replacements within 5 years: an observational register-based study of 44,311 patients.

Background And Purpose: First-line treatment (education, exercise) for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) aims to reduce pain and improve function. We aimed to compare progression to joint replacement within 5 years between responders and non-responders to first-line treatment for hip and knee OA, respectively.

Methods: This observational study included data for 30,524 knee OA and 13,787 hip OA patients from the Swedish Osteoarthritis Register, linked with the Swedish Arthroplasty Register, Statistics Sweden, and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.

Total adiponectin in indigenous Melanesians on Kitava.

Objectives: Experimental and small human studies have indicated that high total adiponectin levels have beneficial cardiometabolic effects. In contrast, however, high total adiponectin levels are also associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in thoroughly adjusted epidemiological studies. To gain further insight into these seemingly contradictory results, we report results on total adiponectin from the indigenous Melanesian population of Kitava, Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea, where an apparent absence of cardiometabolic disease has been previously reported.

Gekko gecko as a model organism for understanding aspects of laryngeal vocal evolution.

The ability to communicate through vocalization plays a key role in the survival of animals across all vertebrate groups. Although avian reptiles have received much attention relating to their stunning sound repertoire, non-avian reptiles have been wrongfully assumed to have less elaborate vocalization types, and little is known about the biomechanics of sound production and their underlying neural pathways in this group. We investigated alarm calls of Gekko gecko using audio and cineradiographic recordings.

The coexistence of diabetes, hypertension and obesity is associated with worse pain outcomes following exercise for osteoarthritis: A cohort study on 80,893 patients.

Objectives: To investigate how the co-occurrence of diabetes, hypertension and overweight/obesity is associated with pain following an exercise intervention for knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Register-based cohort study. We included people from the Swedish Osteoarthritis Register who underwent education and exercise for knee or hip OA.

Randomised controlled trial of lifestyle interventions for abdominal obesity in primary health care.

Aim: Assess effects on waist circumference from diet with or without cereal grains and with or without long-term physical exercise.

Background: Elevated waist circumference is an indicator of increased abdominal fat storage and is accordingly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This is likely due to the association between lifestyle-induced changes in waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors.

Integrated preservation of water activity as key to intensified chemoenzymatic synthesis of bio-based styrene derivatives.

The valorization of lignin-derived feedstocks by catalytic means enables their defunctionalization and upgrading to valuable products. However, the development of productive, safe, and low-waste processes remains challenging. This paper explores the industrial potential of a chemoenzymatic reaction performing the decarboxylation of bio-based phenolic acids in wet cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) by immobilized phenolic acid decarboxylase from Bacillus subtilis, followed by a base-catalyzed acylation.

What do people believe to be the cause of low back pain? A scoping review.

Objective: To explore how causal beliefs regarding non-specific low back pain (LBP) have been quantitatively investigated.

Methods: A scoping review based on the guidelines by the JBI (former Joanna Briggs Institute) was conducted. We searched Medline, Embase, Psychinfo, and CINAHL for relevant studies and included peer-reviewed original articles that measured causal beliefs about non-specific LBP among adults and reported results separate from other belief domains.

Income-Related Inequality Changes in Osteoarthritis First-Line Interventions: A Cohort Study.

Objective: To examine income-related inequality changes in the outcomes of an osteoarthritis (OA) first-line intervention.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Swedish health care system.

Political Person-Culture Match and Longevity: The Partisanship-Mortality Link Depends on the Cultural Context.

Recent studies demonstrate that Republicans live longer than Democrats. We examined whether these longevity benefits are universal or culturally varying. Following a person-culture match perspective, we hypothesized that Republicans' longevity benefits occur in Republican, but not in Democratic, states.

A new flexible model for maintenance and feeding expenses that improves description of individual growth in insects.

Metabolic theories in ecology interpret ecological patterns at different levels through the lens of metabolism, typically applying allometric scaling to describe energy use. This requires a sound theory for individual metabolism. Common mechanistic growth models, such as 'von Bertalanffy', 'dynamic energy budgets' and the 'ontogenetic growth model' lack some potentially important aspects, especially regarding regulation of somatic maintenance.

Food webs coupled in space: Consumer foraging movement affects both stocks and fluxes.

The exchange of material and individuals between neighboring food webs is ubiquitous and affects ecosystem functioning. Here, we explore animal foraging movement between adjacent, heterogeneous habitats and its effect on a suite of interconnected ecosystem functions. Combining dynamic food web models with nutrient-recycling models, we study foraging across habitats that differ in fertility and plant diversity.

Factors Associated With Adherence to a Supervised Exercise Intervention for Osteoarthritis: Data From the Swedish Osteoarthritis Registry.

Objective: To explore how lifestyle and demographic, socioeconomic, and disease-related factors are associated with supervised exercise adherence in an osteoarthritis (OA) management program and the ability of these factors to explain exercise adherence.

Methods: A cohort register-based study on participants from the Swedish Osteoarthritis Registry who attended the exercise part of a nationwide Swedish OA management program. We ran a multinomial logistic regression to determine the association of exercise adherence with the abovementioned factors.

Factors associated with clinically relevant pain reduction after a self-management program including education and exercise for people with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis: Data from the BOA register.

Aim: To examine the associations between individual- and disease-related factors and the odds of reaching a clinically relevant pain reduction in people with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent a first-line self-management program.

Materials And Methods: An observational registry-based study including people with knee (n = 18,871) and hip (n = 7,767) OA who participated in a self-management program including education and exercise and had data recorded in the Better Management of patients with Osteoarthritis (BOA) register. We used multivariable logistic regression models to study the association between sex, age, body mass index (BMI), education, comorbidity, pain frequency, walking difficulties, willingness to undergo surgery and the odds of reaching a clinically relevant pain reduction (decrease of >33% on a 0-10 NRS scale) 3 and 12 months after the intervention.

Micro-CT and deep learning: Modern techniques and applications in insect morphology and neuroscience.

Advances in modern imaging and computer technologies have led to a steady rise in the use of micro-computed tomography (µCT) in many biological areas. In zoological research, this fast and non-destructive method for producing high-resolution, two- and three-dimensional images is increasingly being used for the functional analysis of the external and internal anatomy of animals. µCT is hereby no longer limited to the analysis of specific biological tissues in a medical or preclinical context but can be combined with a variety of contrast agents to study form and function of all kinds of tissues and species, from mammals and reptiles to fish and microscopic invertebrates.

Organizational democracy and meaningful work: The mediating role of employees corporate social responsibility perceptions.

Meaningful work is an important field of research, relating to both organizational outcomes and employee welfare. Organizational democracy has been theoretically proposed as an important antecedent to meaningful work. Nevertheless, this relationship is yet to be empirically explored.