Noradrenaline and dopamine interaction in rat brain during development.

The effects of systemic treatment of newborn rats with the catecholamine neurotoxins 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) or N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP4) on the central dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) neurons were studied using neurochemical techniques. Both neurotoxins cause similar alterations of the postnatal development of the NA neurons with a pronounced NA denervation in the cerebral cortex and a NA hyperinnervation in the pons-medulla. The results did not show any neurotoxic action of neonatal 6-OH-DA or DSP4 treatment on the DA neurons.

Reversal of noradrenaline denervation-induced increase of beta-adrenoreceptor binding in rat neocortex by noradrenaline infusion.

The effect of intraventricular infusion of (-)-noradrenaline (NA) on beta-receptor binding in vitro to homogenates from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA)-denervated and from normal rat cerebral cortex was studied. NA was infused with osmotic minipumps connected to cannulas placed in the right lateral ventricle, delivering 1 or 5 microgram (-)-NA/h continuously for 9 days. One day later the rats were sacrificed and cortical tissue taken for beta-receptor (using [3H]dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DHA) as radioligand) and NA assay.

Effects of neonatal nicotine administration on the postnatal development of central noradrenaline neurons.

The effects of neonatal nicotine and/or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) treatment on the postnatal development of central noradrenaline (NA) neurons have been investigated using neurochemical and histochemical techniques. Nicotine was found to produce an increase of 3H-NA uptake and endogenous NA in the cerebral cortex and pons-medulla, which was most pronounced at the age of one week. These parameters were normalized in the adult stage.

Catecholamine turnover changes in hypothalamus and dorsal midline area of the caudal medulla oblongata of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The central noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) turnover in 15--16-week-old stroke prone, spontaneously hypertensive (sp-SH) female rats in an advanced stage of hypertension was found to differ from that of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKy) control rats. The catecholamine (CA) levels were measured after inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) or phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT). in the hypertensive rats the dopamine (DA) and NA levels and the NA turnover were reduced in the hypothalamus, while in the dorsal part of the caudal medulla oblongata NA levels and A turnover were reduced.

Ibotenic acid-induced neuronal degeneration: a morphological and neurochemical study.

Possible neurotoxic actions of intracerebral injections of ibotenic acid, a conformationally restricted analogue of glutamic acid, have been evaluated in rat brain and compared with those of kainic acid. Light microscopical analysis revealed that ibotenic acid produced a marked disappearance of nerve cells in all areas studied, namely striatum, the hippocampal formation, substantia nigra and piriform cortex. Lesions in areas distant to the injection site were not seen.

On the occurrence of 5-methoxytryptamine in brain.

A quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been used to determine 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT) in the CNS and pineal gland of various species. The mean +/- S.D.

Occlusion, arch dimensions, and craniofacial morphology after palatal surgery in a group of children with clefts in the secondary palate.

A mixed longitudinal study of the occlusion and arch dimensions from 4 to 11 years of age was made on fifty-five children with solitary palatal clefts. A cephalometric study was also made on thirty of these patients when they were approximately 10 years of age. The palatal closure was made by means of a modified von Langenbeck procedure at a mean age of 1 year 9 months.

Developmental plasticity of central noradrenaline neurons after neonatal damage--changes in transmitter functions.

The effects of neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) treatment (systemic administration) on noradrenaline (NA) metabolism, turn over, and receptor characteristics have been investigated in rat brain in the adult stage. This treatment is known to preferentially affect the locus coeruleus (LC) NA system leading to a marked NA denervation in the central cortex and hyperinnervation of NA nerve terminals in the pons and medulla oblongata without influencing the LC perikarya. The main NA metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MOPEG) was reduced by about 70% in the cerebral cortex after 6-OH-DA treatment at birth while the endogenous NA was almost completely depleted (-92%).

Aging and unusual catecholamine-containing structures in the mouse brain.

Brains of C57BL/6J mice, aged 4, 8 and 20--29 months, were examined by the Falck-Hillarp histochemical fluorescence technique. Numerous large, intensely fluorescent green to yellow-green spots (LIFS) were observed in the brains of senescent mice. LIFS were generally round to ovoid in shape and ranged in size from about 10 micrometer to about 30 micrometer.